历史大转型中的中国经济转型——160多年中国经济发展道路的回顾与反思  

China's Economic Transition in Great Historical Transformation: The Review and Reflection on China's Economic Development over the Past 160 Years

作　　者：高文杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2013年第11期4-20,155,共18页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：中国历史上存在两次大的转型,一次是从封建制向郡县制转型,一次是从帝制向民主共和制转型。后者大致从1840年鸦片战争开启至今,有两次经济转型:一是从相对自由的经验主义的传统经济走向理性主义计划经济(1840-1956年),二是从理性主义计划经济走社会主义市场经济(1956年至今),大致遵循着帝国-官僚制下的自由经济—自由经济—党国一体的威权制下的自由经济—全能主义和理性主义的计划经济—非理性和无计划的命令经济—社会主义市场经济路径。这两次转型在转型动因、方向、目标、方式、绩效方面存在着差异,但都从根本上改变了资源配置方式、经济发展模式和经济运行轨迹。战争、暴动、经济危机、统治危机等极端状态会造成人类生存状况的剧烈变动,从而迫使人们改变关于现存制度的思想模型,建立新的思想模型,而新的思想模型导致人们重新建构其制度环境。There were two great transformations in Chinese history,one was the transformation from feudalism to the system of prefectures and counties,and the other was the transition from monarchy to democratic republicanism.The latter,which was initiated from the Opium War in 1840till now,ushered in a period of two economic transitions,one was from relatively free,traditional and empiricism economy to the rational planned economy during 1840and 1956,and the other was from the rational planned economy to socialist market-oriented economy from 1956until now.This process roughly followed a pattern,that was,from the free economy under the empire-bureaucracy institution to the free economy,to the free economy under party-state authoritarian system,to the omnipotent,rational planned economy,to the irrational commanding economy without planning,to socialist market-oriented economy finally.There were many differences in the aspects of motivation, direction,target,style,performance in the two economic transitions,but the mode of resource allocation,economic development pattern and economic development trajectory were radically changed. Some calamities,such as war,riot,economic crisis and ruling crisis,would dramatically aggravate the living conditions of human beings,thus force people to change the thought model about the existing institutions,reestablish the new thought model which would cause people to reconstruct the institutional environments.

关 键 词：经济转型 自由经济 计划经济 社会主义市场经济 

分 类 号：F120.3[经济管理—世界经济]