离子液体催化甲苯绿色硝化研究进展  

Research progress on green nitration of toluene in ionic liquids

作　　者：刘攀[1,2] 陈永乐[1] 胡兴邦[1] 吴有庭[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学化学化工学院,江苏南京210093 [2]中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所,河南洛阳471039

出　　处：《化工进展》2013年第S1期127-132,共6页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：南京大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(XY1210284024)

摘　　要：甲苯硝化是工业上重要的有机反应,其硝化产物广泛用于精细化学品的合成与制备。离子液体具有低挥发性、可调的极性和溶解性与可设计的Brnsted/Lewis酸性等独特性质,作为催化剂或溶剂用于各种有机反应,受到人们的广泛关注。为提高硝化产物的对位选择性,替代传统混酸硝化工艺,实现绿色硝化而进行的离子液体催化甲苯硝化研究逐渐成为硝化领域的热点。本文综述硝酸、硝酸酯和氮氧化物作硝化剂,咪唑盐、吡啶盐、己内酰胺盐和季铵盐等离子液体以及离子液体复合体系催化甲苯绿色硝化的研究进展,简要评述其反应特点和硝化机理,并展望芳烃绿色硝化的研究方向。The nitration of toluene is an important organic reaction in chemical industry,and the nitrotoluene plays a key role in the synthesis of many fine chemicals.Ionic liquids,with their unique properties,including low volatility,adjustable polarity and dissolving capacity,designed Brnsted/Lewis acidity,have attracted widespread attention in the field of organic reaction as catalyst or solvent.As environmentally-friendly solvent,the research about the catalytic properties of ionic liquids for the nitration of toluene becomes a hot spot.In this paper,the latest progress on the green nitration of toluene in ionic liquids is reviewed in the point of nitrification system,including nitric acid,nitrate ester,nitrogen oxides and composite catalyst.Their advantageous features and defects are discussed and the perspectives of the green nitration are proposed.

关 键 词：离子液体 甲苯 催化 绿色硝化 

分 类 号：TQ203.2[化学工程—有机化工]