小浪底水库与东平湖浮游植物分布的异质性  

Heterogeneity of Phytoplankton Distributions in Lake Dongping and Xiaolangdi Reservoir

作　　者：陈玺[1,2] 曹秀云[1] 周易勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2013年第S1期50-59,共10页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41230748;41173081;41273089);淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室(2011FBZ15)

摘　　要：浮游植物的密度、组成及其分布模式是大型水库营养状态和污染程度的重要指示参数,而相关研究相对缺乏。在黄河小浪底水库与东平湖各选取3个断面,其中每个断面各设内、中、外3个位点,2011年8月自上述位点采样分析了不同深度浮游植物的密度、生物量、种类丰富度与多样性。东平湖可见浮游植物共计6门55属(种),包括绿藻门23属(种)、硅藻门13属(种)、蓝藻门11属(种)、裸藻门4种,甲藻门和隐藻门各2种;小浪底水库可见6门63属(种),包括绿藻门28属(种)、硅藻门16属(种)、蓝藻门13属(种)、甲藻门、裸藻门和隐藻门各2种。统计分析结果表明,东平湖浮游植物诸参数在水平与垂直方向上基本无显著差异(仅不同深度的种类丰富度明显有别)。与前期数据相比,该湖仍处于中-富营养化状态,且较为稳定。另一方面,小浪底水库浮游植物诸参数在水平与垂直方向上均表现出明显的异质性,且在陈家岭断面距表层4 m处显示浮游植物密度与生物量的最大值。因此,贫营养的状态至少在该水库的局部尚存,但缺乏稳定性。相关结果可为上述大型水库的富营养化控制和渔业发展提供基础性资料。For reservoirs,density and composition of phytoplankton together with their distribution patterns are generally indicative of trophic level and pollution states in the large reservoirs,but the relevant data are relatively lacking.In this paper,the key phytoplankton parameters(density,biomass,species Richness,and diversity) were analysed and compared in different depths of two large reservoirs(Lake Dongping and Xiaolangdi Reservoir) in August 2011.Each reservoir had 3 transections,and in each transection there were 3 different sites,which were inner side,middle and outside.In Lake Dongping,55 taxa belonging to 6 Phyla were identified,consisting of Chlorophyta(23 taxa),Bacillariophyta(13 taxa),Cyanophyta(11 taxa),Euglenophyta(4 taxa),Pyrrophyta(2 taxa),and Cryptophyta(2 taxa).In the same time,63 taxa belonging to 6 Phyla were identified,consisting of Chlorophyta(28 taxa),Bacillariophyta(16 taxa),Cyanophyta(13 taxa),Pyrrophyta(2 taxa),Cryptophyta(2 taxa),and Euglenophyta(2 taxa) for the Xiaolangdi Reservoir.The result of the statistical analysis showed that the parameters of Lake Dongping almost have no significant difference in the spatial and vertical directions(except the species richness of different depths).Compared to literature data,Lake Dongping was still in a mesotrophic and eutrophic state,and it was very stable.On the other hand,spatial and vertical heterogeneity in the parameters of phytoplankton were found in Xiaolangdi Reservoir,and there was a maximum value of phytoplankton density and biomass in 4 m underwater in Chen Jialing transection.Hence,the local area of the reservoir should be in oligotrophic state,but lack of stability.Based on all above data,we may provide some basic information for the control of eutrophication and fisheries development for the large reservoirs.

关 键 词：浮游植物 密度与组成 多样性 东平湖 小浪底水库 富营养化 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]