基于健康风险评估的垃圾焚烧电厂选址研究  

The study on location selection of municipal solid waste incineration power plant based on health risk assessment.

作　　者：向明灯[1] 杨林 于云江[1] 任明忠[1] 李良忠[1] 孙家仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655 [2]陕西省环境科学研究院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2013年第S1期165-171,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41105082);环保公益性行业科研专项(2011467001)

摘　　要：模拟研究某拟建垃圾焚烧电厂排放的重金属汞、镉、铅以及二噁英类特征污染物对大气环境的影响和人群暴露的健康风险,进行项目选址方案的比选,探索健康风险评估在垃圾焚烧类建设项目选址中的应用.结果显示,选址方案B中各污染物最大地面浓度的占标率均低于方案A,从环境容量允许性角度考虑,选址方案B优于方案A;两种方案排放污染物的人群暴露健康风险均在可接受的范围内,但方案B的较高风险分布区域周围无环境敏感点,方案A的较高风险分布区域与敏感点的距离较近,从人群健康风险角度考虑,选址方案B也优于方案A.综合考虑两种选址方案比选结果,本研究最终推荐选址为方案B.结果表明,人群暴露的健康风险评估可作为垃圾焚烧类建设项目选址的重要依据.The atmospheric environmental effect and human health risk of some characteristic pollutants such as mercury, cadmium, lead and dioxin emitted from a certain pre-constructed municipal solid waste incinerator were simulated for finding a more optimized location for the incinerator from the optional location scenario A and B. The results showed that the ratio of maximum ground concentration to standard concentration for each pollutant was lower in scenario B than A. Therefore, it is better for scenario B than A in terms of environmental capacity. Although the human health risks were both acceptable for the two scenarios, there were no sensitive receptors around the high-risk areas for scenario B while there are receptors closer to high-risk areas for scenario A. Therefore, the scenario B was lower than A in respect of human risk. Considering the two kinds of location selection scenarios, the scenario B was recommend for the final selection and human health risk assessment could be used as an important basis for the construction of waste incineration, particularly in the aspect of the location selection of incinerator.

关 键 词：垃圾焚烧大 气环境影响 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：TM621[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]