火电企业二氧化硫排放的地区差异性分析  

Analysis on Regional Disparities in Coal Fired Power Plants' SO_2 Emissions

作　　者：卓子涵 李万新[2] 白重恩[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084 [2]香港城市大学公共政策系

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2013年第S2期96-100,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"基于区位条件和企业微观行为的区域环境污染分析与预测"(编号:40771078)

摘　　要：环境问题是当今中国面临的主要挑战之一,工业污染仍然是造成中国环境问题的主要原因。因为工业企业的环境行为直接受到县、市环保局的监管,而中国具有广泛的地区差异性,政府监管的地区差异性与企业环境行为的关系如何成为一个值得探讨的课题。本文通过分析1998-2005年河南、湖北两省重点污染源的排污申报和运营状况的面板数据,比较两个相邻省份污染企业的环境行为,发现河南、湖北两省火力发电企业SO2排放和其所属行政区划的政府环境监管行为之间确实存在显著的相关性。环境影响评价制度执行率对湖北火电企业的减排激励显著大于河南省企业。总体而言,中国当前环境监管制度尚未对企业环境行为产生有效的约束。Industrial pollution and associated environmental degradation have largely impeded the sustainable development of China.To measure up local environmental performance,it is important to understand the regional disparities in local environmental enforcement and the consequences. By analyzing the panel data on coal fired power plants in Henan and Hubei provinces between years 1998- 2005,we found sulfur dioxide( SO2) emissions were positively associated with number of environmental professionals working in a firm and implementation rate of environmental impact assessment( EIA). That suggested neither firm level environmental management nor local environmental enforcement effort did generate pollution reduction. However,compared with Henan Province,EIA in Hubei Province was associated with less SO2emissions. That indicated region specific pollution reduction effects of local environmental enforcement. Furthermore,foreign- owned coal fired power plants emitted less SO2than those of other types of ownership structures. The study conveyed a clear message to policy- makers of the Chinese central government that China demands a level playing field for pressuring polluting industries to pursue cleaner production and pollution reduction across the board.

关 键 词：环境监管 工业污染 地区差异 企业环境行为 面板数据分析 

分 类 号：X773[环境科学与工程—环境工程]