耕作方式对华北一年两熟区土壤及作物特性的影响  

Effects of Different Tillage Managements on Characteristics of Soil and Crop in Annual Double Cropping Areas in Northern China

作　　者：张祥彩[1] 李洪文[1] 何进[1] 王庆杰[1] 郑智旗[1] 荆鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2013年第S1期77-82,71,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51205398;51175499)

摘　　要：为了研究不同耕作方式在华北一年两熟区的适应性,设置深松、旋耕、传统翻耕、免耕4种不同耕作方式,分析耕作方式对土壤水稳团聚体、容重、含水率、土壤温度和植株生长特性的影响。结果表明:免耕、深松可分别提高0~10 cm、10~30 cm土层内粒径大于0.25 mm水稳团聚体的含量;随土层深度的增加,土壤容重增大,其中旋耕、深松分别降低0~10 cm、10~30 cm土层的容重,在0~20 cm土层免耕的容重最大,20 cm以下,旋耕、翻耕、免耕间容重的差异不明显;深松有较好的蓄水保墒能力,其中10~30 cm土层的效果最好,0~30 cm土层的含水率分别比翻耕、旋耕、免耕高2.5%、1.6%、0.4%;翻耕的土壤温度受气温影响的变化幅度最大,免耕的变化幅度和日平均土壤温度最小;深松可促进玉米前期的生长,免耕促进后期生长,且深松能提高冬小麦的产量。In order to study the adaptability of different tillage treatments in annual double cropping areas in northern China,four different tillage treatments were set up,including subsoiling,rotary tillage,conventional tillage and no-till.The effects of different tillage treatments on soil water stable aggregates,soil bulk density,soil water content,soil temperature and crop growth were studied.The results showed that,no-till and subsoiling increased the content of soil water stable aggregates with a diameter larger than0.25 mm at 0 ~ 10 cm and 10 ~ 30 cm soil layer,respectively.While the results of no-till and conventional tillage was not obvious.The regulating effects in soil bulk density were increased with the increase of the depth of soil layer.Rotary tillage and subsoiling could reduce the content of soil bulk density at 0 ~ 10 cm and 10 ~ 30 cm soil layer,respectively.The soil bulk density of no-till was the biggest at 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer,and there were no significant differences observed among the conventional tillage,rotary tillage and no-tillage under 20 cm soil layer.The preserve soil moisture ability of subsoiling was higher than others.Compared with subsoiling,the soil moisture content of rotary tillage,plowing tillage and no-tillage was reduced by 2.5%,1.6%,0.4%,respectively.The range of soil temperature of plowing tillage was the greatest with the change of air temperature,while the range and daily mean soil temperature of no-till was the least.Subsoiling promoted the yield of winter wheat and the growth of crops in the initial stage,while no-till had a better result at a later stage.

关 键 词：耕作方式 华北一年两熟区 深松 土壤水稳团聚体 土壤温度 作物生长 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]