氮肥对夏玉米群体构建及光合特性的影响  

Effects on Canopy Building and Photosynthesis Traits of Summer Maize

作　　者：张丽丽[1] 王璞[2] 杨海龙[1] 付俊[1] 景希强[1] 

机构地区：[1]丹东农业科学院,辽宁凤城118109 [2]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《华北农学报》2013年第S1期332-336,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-35)

摘　　要：以郑单958为材料,研究不同施肥时期对穗位上平均叶夹角、叶向值、叶面积指数等植株冠层形态指标与叶片净光合速率、叶绿素SPAD值等光合性能的影响,是通过氮肥调控,构建高效冠层。结果表明:施氮量为180 kg/hm2时氮肥一次性基施的处理和施氮量为75 kg/hm2时氮肥8叶展一次性施入的处理穗位上叶夹角较小,茎粗相对适中,叶向值较大,吐丝期和灌浆中期单株叶面积较大,叶面积指数发展动态合理,符合高产玉米植株形态特征,同时叶片SPAD值较大,并且在灌浆中期中上层叶片净光合速率下降较少。说明施肥过早或过晚均不利于冠层结构的优化从而影响植株的光合性能。In this study ,different N application timing and levels were applied for understanding the effects on maize canopy structure and photosynthesis traits .The results showed that:canopy structure indexes ( leaf angle above ear layer,LOV,and LAI,etc.),photosynthesis capability indexes (Pn) of ear layer could be used as standards for the evaluation of high yielding canopy structure .The nitrogen application affected those indexes .When nitrogen fer-tilizer application rate was 180 kg/ha,it should be applied before sowing as basal fertilizer ,by which leaf angle a-bove the ear was smaller ,LAI in the prophase increased faster while reduced slower after silking stage ,and LOV and Pn were larger in the silking stage .When the nitrogen fertilizer rate was 75 kg/ha,8-leaf stage was suitable for a-chieving good canopy structure .Under N amount of 75 kg/ha,leaf angle above the ear was smaller ,while LOV was larger and LAI was ideal ,and thus Pn was high ,therefore this canopy structure was highly efficient .

关 键 词：夏玉米 冠层构建 叶向值 光合速率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]