扶贫贴息制度改革与“贫困瞄准”:理论框架和经验证据  

Anti?poverty Subsidized Credit Reform and Poverty Targeting:Theoretical Framework and Empirical Evidence

作　　者：吴本健[1] 马九杰[1] 丁冬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872

出　　处：《财经研究》2014年第8期106-118,共13页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(13&ZD023);国家社会科学基金重点项目(08AJY027);国家社会科学基金青年项目(13CJY082);国家自然科学基金青年项目(71103189);中国人民大学科学研究基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费)(12XNI008;13XNH148)

摘　　要：扶贫贴息贷款是对农村信贷市场的一种人为干预,可能导致信贷市场扭曲。自扶贫贴息贷款制度实施以来,国务院扶贫办会同其他部门对这项制度进行了多次改革。文章首先从理论上分析了扶贫贴息贷款利率管制、利率市场化以及不同贴息方式对贷款质量、贫困瞄准等的影响,然后利用武陵山区某贫困县扶贫贴息贷款管理体制改革与运行的动态数据进行了案例分析。研究发现,在扶贫贴息贷款管理模式由利率管制转向利率市场化、金融机构拥有更大的决策自主权、采取贷款偿还后向借款农户直接贴息的方式之后,扶贫贴息贷款规模增加,金融机构寻租问题得到初步缓解,贷款质量有所提升,但是贫困农户和农业产业受到排斥、贫困瞄准目标偏离等问题依然存在。文章的政策含义是:在深化贴息贷款市场化和分权化改革的同时,应切实提高贫困农户的信贷可得性。Anti-poverty subsidized credit reform is the human intervention in rural credit market,possibly leading to the distortion of credit market.Since the implementation of anti-poverty subsidized credit system,The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development with other departments has reformed this system for several times.This paper theoretically analyzes the effects of interest rate control,market-oriented interest rates and different ways of subsidized credit on credit quality and poverty targeting,and then makes a case study by using the dynamic data of the reform and operation of subsidized credit management system in a certain poverty-stricken county in Wuling Mountain.It arrives at the following results:with transformation of anti-poverty subsidized credit management mode from interest rate control to market-oriented interest rates,greater decision-making autonomy of financial institutions and direct subsidies for borrowers after repaying loans,the scale of anti-poverty subsidized credit enlarges,rent-seeking problem in financial institutions initially alleviates,credit quality increases to some extent,but some issues like the exclusion of poor rural households &agriculture and the deviation of poverty targeting still exist.It provides the policy implication that the credit availability of poor families should be effectively improved in the context of deepening market-oriented subsidized credit and decentralization reform.

关 键 词：反贫困 贴息贷款 贫困瞄准 农村金融 

分 类 号：F832.4[经济管理—金融学]