施氮量对棉花功能叶片生理特性、氮素利用效率及产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rates on physiological characteristics of functional leaves,nitrogen use efficiency and yield of cotton

作　　者：李鹏程[1] 董合林[1] 刘爱忠[1] 刘敬然[1] 李如义[1] 孙淼[1] 李亚兵[1] 毛树春[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第1期81-91,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家棉花产业体系建设专项资金(CARS-18-17);转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2012ZM08013007);棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CB2014A18)资助

摘　　要：【目的】黄河流域棉区是我国三大棉区之一,氮肥管理在棉花生产中至关重要,氮肥供应不足或过量会影响棉花的皮棉产量和纤维品质,过量施氮可能导致棉花营养生长过旺,产量下降,也会造成不必要的浪费及棉田环境污染,氮肥供应不足会导致棉花生物量较小,皮棉产量降低,纤维品质下降。本文通过3年不同氮肥用量的田间小区定位试验,研究施氮量对棉花功能叶生理特性、氮素利用效率及籽棉产量的影响,旨在探讨黄河流域棉区华北平原亚区中等肥力棉田适宜施氮量,揭示棉花氮素高效利用的相关机理。【方法】田间试验于2011 2013年在河南安阳县中棉所试验农场进行,供试田块为多年连作棉田,土壤为壤质潮土,2011年播种前0—20 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮(N)、速效磷(P)、速效钾(K)含量分别为11.24 g/kg、0.82 g/kg、77.43 mg/kg、16.69 mg/kg、129.82 mg/kg。以转Bt+Cp TI中熟棉花品种中棉所79为材料,采用随机区组设计,重复4次,设置0、90、180、270、360、450 kg/hm26个施氮水平,氮肥底施和初花期追施各半,磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)全部底施,施用量均为120kg/hm2。试验小区长10 m,宽4.8米,每小区6行棉花,种植密度57500 plant/hm2。2011年4月17日播种,2012年4月25日播种,2013年5月3日播种。2013年研究了施氮量对初花期棉花功能叶光合速率、不同生育期棉花群体叶面积指数(LAI)、不同生育期棉花功能叶叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性的影响,2012、2013年研究了施氮量对棉花氮素内在利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮素生理利用率、氮肥回收率及籽棉产量的影响。【结果】随施氮量的增加,不同生育期棉花群体LAI、功能叶叶绿素含量、GS活性、初花期棉花功能叶净光合速率呈增加的趋势,而功能叶MDA含量呈下降趋势。施氮量270、360 kg/hm2处理棉花在盛铃期群体LAI较适宜,吐絮期棉�【Objectives】The Yellow River Valley cotton area is one of the three largest cotton areas in China.Nitrogen fertilizer management is of vital importance in cotton production. Both deficient and excess N application in cotton crop negatively affects the lint yield and fiber quality. In this paper,a 3- years fixed plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of N application rate on the physiological characteristics of cotton functional leaves at different growth stages of cotton,and the N use efficiency and seed yield of cotton,proposing a suitable N application rate for cotton production in medium fertility field in the North China Plain Subregion. 【Methods】A field experiment with completely randomized design and 4 replications was conducted from 2011 to 2013 on the farm of Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Anyang of Henan,where the soil type is fluvo-aquic loam soil and cotton was continuously grown with transgenic Bt + Cp TI cotton cultivar of CCRI( China Cotton Research Institute) 79. The effects of N application rates on leaf area index( LAI) of cotton population at different growth stages,the contents of chlorophyll,the activities of glutamine synthetase( GS) and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde( MDA) in functional leaves of cotton at different growth stages,net photosynthetic rate of functional leaves of cotton at initial flowering stage in 2013 were measured. The effects of N application rates on internal N use efficiency( i NUE,is defined as lint yield per unit tissue N),agronomic N use efficiency( a NUE,is defined as the increase in seed cotton yield per unit of fertilizer N applied),physiological N use efficiency( p NUE,is defined as the increase in seed cotton yield per unit of increased N uptake),N recovery efficiency( NRE,is defined as the increase in difference of total N uptake of N-fertilized plot and total N uptake of zero-N plot per unit of fertilizer N applied) of cotton and seed cotton yield in 2012 and 2013 were studied. 【Results】The LAI,

关 键 词：施氮量 棉花 功能叶片生理特性 氮素利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]