青皮竹地上部营养元素的吸收、积累和分配特性研究  

Absorption,accumulation and distribution of bamboo(Bambusa textilis) to the main nutrients

作　　者：叶晶[1,2] 葛高波[1] 应雨骐[1] 项婷婷[1] 陶立华 吴家森[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江临安311300 [2]临安市板桥镇农业公共服务中心,浙江临安311301 [3]浙江农林大学,浙江省森林生态系统碳循环与固碳减排重点实验室,浙江临安311300

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第1期164-170,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY13C160010);浙江农林大学科研发展基金项目(2014FR052)资助

摘　　要：【目的】青皮竹(Bambusa textilis)是重要的笋材两用丛生竹之一,具有一次造林成功即可永续利用、长期获益的特点,但对青皮竹的营养特性知之甚少。本文拟研究青皮竹地上部营养元素的吸收、积累和分配特性,为青皮竹的养分管理提供基础数据,以指导青皮竹的科学施肥工作。【方法】本研究于2013年1月,在青皮竹中心产区广东省广宁县,选择林分类型、组成、结构、生长状况和立地条件等具有代表性的青皮竹林分4块,建立面积为20 m×20 m的标准地。对每块标准地内的竹子按不同年龄进行每株检尺,计算出不同年龄竹子的平均胸径,选取与平均胸径一致的竹子作为标准株,砍伐不同年龄标准株各1株,并测量其株高。将不同标准株分叶、枝、秆,野外称出各器官鲜重。枝、秆分上、中、下三个部位取样组成混合样品,用于分析不同年龄(1 3 a)和不同器官(叶、枝、秆)的植株样品氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)和铜(Cu)等9种营养元素含量。【结果】青皮竹各器官中营养元素含量大小次序表现为Cu、Zn元素为枝>叶>秆,其他7种元素均表现为叶>枝>秆。各器官元素的含量均以氮元素最高,而以Cu含量最低。青皮竹地上部营养元素积累量为489.96kg/hm2,不同器官营养元素积累量的大小顺序为秆(331.05 kg/hm2)>叶(101.14 kg/hm2)>枝(57.77 kg/hm2),营养元素的积累量大小顺序为N>K>P>Ca>Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu。各器官营养元素积累量最多的是氮,为219.59 kg/hm2,占地上部积累量的44.82%,表明青皮竹具有较强的氮吸收能力。青皮竹地上部各器官营养元素的分配率大小顺序总体表现为秆(67.57%)>叶(20.64%)>枝(11.79%)。【结论】营养元素吸收量反映了植物对土壤养分需求和利用状况。青皮竹每生产1 t干物质所需5种大量营养元素为10.00 kg,以氮的吸收最多,其累积吸收量为219.59 kg/hm2,占地上部积累【Objectives 】 Bamboo,Bambusa textilis,is one of the important dual-use materials for wood and bamboo shoot. It can be sustainably harvested and obtained long-term benefit after once forestation,but little is known about the nutrition characteristics of Bambusa textilis. In this study,the absorption,accumulation and distribution to the main nutrients by Bambusa textilis in the above-ground parts were investigated to provide basicdata information for the nutrient management in Bambusa textilis plantition. 【Methods】In January 2013,four typical Bambusa textilis forest blocks( 20 m × 20 m) were selected basing on comprehensive investigation related to typical forest type,composition,structure,growth condition and site conditions. The age of every bamboo plant was investigated and the average breast diameters of bamboo plants at different ages were calculated. From each plot,one bamboo plant with the same average diameter at the same age was chosen for sampling. The plant heights,fresh weights of leaves and culms of bamboo were measured. Branches and culms at the top,middle and below were separately sampled and mixed as samples,and were collected for lab analysis of the contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu. 【Results】The nutrient contents in bamboo peels of different ages( 1-3 a) and different organs( leaves,branches,culms) are: Cu and Zn in the order of branches > leaves > culms,the other seven nutrients in the order of leaves > branches > culms. The highest nutrient content in the various organs is N,the lowest is Cu. The total nutrient accumulation in the above-ground parts is 489. 96 kg / ha,and the accumulation amounts are in the order of culms( 331. 05 kg / ha) > leaves( 101. 14 kg / ha) > branches( 57. 77 kg / ha). The nutrient accumulation amount is in order of N > K > P > Ca > Mg > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu. The maximum accumulation in various organs is N( 219. 59 kg / ha),accounting for 44. 82% of the total accumulation in the above-ground parts,which indicates a strong absorption capacity and requirem

关 键 词：青皮竹 器官 营养元素 积累 分配 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]