不同时期施钾对甘薯光合产物运转动力的调控  

Effect of different potassium application time on the vigor of photosynthate transportations of edible sweet potato(Ipomoea Batata L.)

作　　者：柳洪鹃[1] 史春余[1] 柴沙沙[2] 王翠娟[1] 任国博 江燕[1] 司成成 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第1期171-180,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31371577);山东省薯类产业创新团队首席专家项目(SDAIT-10-011-01)资助

摘　　要：【目的】通过甘薯不同时期施用钾肥的大田试验,探讨不同时期施用钾肥对甘薯光合产物运转动力的调控效应。【方法】选用典型的食用型甘薯品种"北京553",以硫酸钾(K2SO4)为供试肥料,于2011 2012年2个生长季在山东农业大学农学试验站进行大田试验。试验处理为:不施用钾肥(CK)、全部钾肥基施(JS)、全部钾肥封垄期追施(FS)和全部钾肥高峰期追施(GS)。分析不同时期施用钾肥对功能叶光合产物的输出能力、运输茎的农艺特性、源-库间光合产物运输的渗透动力(茎顶-基部间碳水化合物、氨基酸和K+浓度梯度)及块根中光合产物积累特性的影响。【结果】施用钾肥可显著提高块根鲜薯产量和干重,提高块根膨大速率,其中,基施和封垄期追施钾肥处理增幅较大。基施钾肥显著降低生长前期(栽秧后50 d左右)功能叶碳水化合物含量和蔗糖/淀粉比值,提高生长中后期(栽秧后110 d、170 d左右)功能叶中蔗糖和蔗糖/淀粉比值,增幅分别为10.01%和27.14%(2011),16.16%和61.57%(2012),提高该时期功能叶蔗糖的输出能力。基施还提高生长前期基部茎粗,两年增幅均在20%以上,增大光合产物运输的横截面积;基施和封垄期追施钾肥处理提高生长中后期分枝数,基施处理两年增幅的均值为36.53%和48.44%,封垄期追施的为19.60%和46.17%;同时,降低生长中后期源-库距离,提高有效距离(51—200 cm)所占比例。茎顶部到基部间氨基酸和K+浓度逐渐降低,施用钾肥能提高该浓度梯度的降幅,提高渗透动力,以基施和封垄期追施效果较好,其中,氨基酸浓度两处理的平均增幅分别为87.58%和39.56%,K+浓度的平均增幅分别为272.81%和75.58%。基施钾肥显著降低生长前中期茎基部蔗糖和淀粉含量,基施和封垄期追施钾肥可显著降低生长后期茎顶部和基部蔗糖含量,同时降低淀粉含量。【结论】施用钾肥可减少生长前期功能叶中淀粉【Objectives】In order to evaluate the effect of potassium application time on vigor of photosynthates transportation of edible sweet potato,a field experiment was carried out with different potassium application times.【Methods】 Field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Shandong Agricultural University using a typical sweet potato cultivar( Beijing 553) as tested crop and potassium sulphate( K2SO4) as K fertilizer. The four treatments included no K application( CK),all potassium applied as basal fertilizer( JS),all K top dressed when the field was completely covered by crop( FS,about 50 days afterplanting) and all K top dressed at peak growth time( GS,about 110 days after planting). The photosynthates transport abilities of functional leaves, agronomic characters of stems, permeation power of photosynthates transportation between source and sink( concentration gradient of carbohydrate,amino acid and K+from stem top to base) and photosynthates accumulation characteristics of root tubers were analyzed. 【Results】K application could increase fresh yield,dry weight and bulking rate of root tubers of sweet potato significantly,and the treatments of JS and FS increased considerably. Treatment JS decreased carbohydrate content and the ratio of sucrose to starch content significantly at early growth stage( 50 d after planting),and improved sucrose content and the ratio of sucrose to starch content of functional leaves notably during the middle and late growth stages( 110 d and 170 d after planting),and the increases were 10. 01% and 27. 14%( 2011),16. 16% and 61. 57%( 2012),which could improve output ability of photosynthates of functional leaves at this time. Treatment JS also increased the diameter of stem base at early growth stage,and the increase was over 20%,which increased cross sectional area of transport corridor of photosynthates. During middle and late growth stages,treatment JS and FS improved the number of branches,and the average increases of treatm

关 键 词：甘薯 施钾时期 光合产物 源-库距离 运输活力 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]