2013年我国种植业化肥施用状况分析  

Chemical fertilizer application and supply in crop farming in China in 2013

作　　者：杨帆[1] 孟远夺[1] 姜义 崔勇[1] 李荣[1] 董燕[1] 孙钊[1] 

机构地区：[1]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [2]扬州市土壤肥料站,江苏扬州225101

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第1期217-225,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：农业农村资源等监测统计经费(种植业)项目资助

摘　　要：【目的】我国农用化肥消费量大,数据来源不同,统计口径各异,行业内大多引用国家统计局公布的数据,但该数据无法推算出氮肥、磷肥、钾肥分类消费量。我国区域间、季节间、作物间化肥消费情况的报道很少,在调节化肥供需、指导化肥行业健康发展时显得依据不足。调查种植业化肥施用状况可以为指导肥料生产、供应提供重要依据。【方法】以农业部339个国家级基层肥料信息网点为依托,根据我国农业生产习惯和我国政府部门统计习惯,将一年分为三个用肥季,1 5月份为春耕季,6 8月份为夏播季,9 12月份为秋冬种季。在三个季节,每个网点随机调查30个农户的主要种植作物施用氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、复合(混)肥(包括配合式)量,经两级土壤肥料部门审核后,采用省份、相似种植区域、全国三级逐级加权平均的方法,推算了不同区域、不同季节、不同作物单位面积施肥量;再用作物单位面积施肥量、该作物全国种植总面积、样本中施肥面积占该作物种植面积的比例推算了作物全年、不同季节化肥施用量。同时,分析了主要作物、不同季节化肥施用状况以及供需平衡情况,不同季节、不同区域供肥情况和农民的购肥习惯。【结果】2013年我国种植业化肥施用量5498万吨(折纯下同),其中,氮肥(实物量)3382万吨,磷肥1175万吨,钾肥941万吨。粮食作物化肥总用量为2782万吨,占种植业化肥总用量的50.6%;其次是果树和蔬菜,三类作物占种植业化肥施用总量的82.8%,经济、园艺作物单位面积化肥施用量大于粮食作物。春耕、夏播、秋冬种化肥施用量分别占全年化肥施用量的34.2%、35.6%、30.2%。复混肥料和尿素是农民最常购买的两种肥料,从全年来看,农民施用复混肥料和尿素的样本数分别占总样本数的72.5%和71.6%,春耕、夏播、秋冬种农民购买尿素和复合(混)肥的样本数分别占该�【Objectives】The annual chemical fertilizer consumption is huge in the agriculture production in China.Although there are authority data about the national wide consumption amounts of nitrogenous,phosphate and potash fertilizers from the National Bureau of Statistics,the details of fertilizer application in different regions,seasons and crops are in deficiency. More information is necessary for making policies guiding fertilizer production and provision.【Methods】In this paper,the data were collected from the state owned 339 retailers all over the country,and thirty farmers were chosen from each retailer at random. The information of each farmer in crop plant area,N,P,K and compound fertilizer inputs were reviewed by local governments before accepted. The data inyear of 2013 was separately counted in three seasons: spring( Jan.- May),summer( Jun.- Aug.) and autumn and winter( Sep.- Dec.) following the customs and statistical habits. Using province,similar cropping pattern regions and whole country graded weighted average method step by step,the unit fertilizer input in different regions,seasons and crops were calculated. Then,the whole year and seasonal fertilizer input of a crop were deducted from the unit fertilizer input,the total growing areas of the crop and the percentage of fertilizer area in the total planting area in the samples. Meanwhile,the fertilizer inputs in different crops,the fertilizer supplying and demand as well as the farmers' fertilizer purchasing behaviors in different regions and seasons were analyzed. 【Results】The total of pure chemical fertilizer inputs was 5498 × 104 t in crop farming in 2013. Among them,nitrogen fertilizer was 3382× 104 t,phosphate fertilizer 1175 × 104 t,and potash fertilizer 941 × 104 t. The total fertilizer consume in grain crops was 2782 × 104 t,which accounted for 50. 6% of total crop farming fertilizer application,the second was fruits and vegetables,the top three crops account for 82. 8% of the whole crop farming. The unit area input of fertilizer

关 键 词：化肥 施用状况 供需状况 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]