世界优秀男子花样滑冰运动员后外点冰三周跳的运动生物力学研究  

Biomechanical study on triple toeloop jump of excellent skaters

作　　者：李林[1] 纪仲秋[1] 龚睿[1] 于立强[2] 姜桂萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875 [2]吉林体育学院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第1期107-110,共4页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：教育部人文社科课题(11YJA880037);国家体育总局索契冬奥会奥运攻关课题(2012A07);北京师范大学课题基金资助项目(12-01-13)

摘　　要：运用国际先进的艾利尔运动技术分析软件及生物力学三维录像DLT分析方法,对中国花样滑冰队和国外高水平男子单人滑运动员的后外点冰三周跳动作进行运动学分析,得出我国运动员闫某在缓冲蹬冰阶段,水平速度和垂直速度都较大,腾空时间长,已经具备四周跳的能力.宋某腾空时间不足,导致空中动作没有视觉冲击性,很难获得高分.王某在缓冲蹬冰阶段,水平速度较小,腾空水平飞行距离较国内外优秀运动员近,腾空时间较短,垂直方向速度较大,腾空高度较高.关某在缓冲蹬冰阶段,水平速度变化幅度平缓,不存在明显的下降阶段,同时获得较大的垂直方向上的速度.金某在缓冲蹬冰阶段,水平速度小,垂直方向速度低,腾空高度和腾空水平飞行距离都不够.同时首次应用NORAXON表面肌电图机对主要发力肌肉的肌电进行分析,对主要用力肌肉发力顺序及贡献率进行了科学的分析,为教练员和运动员攻克难度动作提供了理论依据.起跳过程中,起跳腿股直肌和胫骨前肌先发力,并且股直肌稍先于胫骨前肌.积分肌电和贡献率最大的肌肉是股直肌,其次为胫骨前肌.腓肠肌内侧头和股二头肌长头的积分肌电值较小,起支撑协同作用.Triple toeloop jumps of excellent skaters from The Chinese National Skate Team and from abroad were analyzed with advanced movement analysis software and 3Dvideo DLT.NORAXON SEMG device was used to analyze EMG of muscles involved in triple jump.Vertical height,horizontal speed,soar time,muscle power generation order and contribution rate of the skaters were obtained.These data could help to build theoretical basis for coaches and skaters to make breakthroughs in jumping skills.Data indicated that during take-off,rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles generate power first and rectus femoris generated power slightly earlier than tibialis anterior muscles.IEMG and contribution rate were the largest in rectus femoris,and in tibialis anterior muscles,the second largest.Rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles were the main power source during this process.IEMG in medial head of gastrocnemius muscle and biceps femoris muscles were small,so these muscles mainly worked for synergy and support.

关 键 词：花样滑冰 后外点冰三周跳 运动生物力学 表面肌电 

分 类 号：G862.2[文化科学—体育训练]