不当得利“没有合法根据”证明责任的分配  

The Distribution of Burden of Proof for the “Lack of Legal Grounds” in the Unjust Enrichment Action

作　　者：邬砚[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2015年第2期130-137,175,共9页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：对不当得利"没有合法根据"的证明问题,无论是消极事实不易举证、与消极确认之诉存在冲突的主张,还是受损人举证困难、受益人更易举证的观点,均存在认识偏差,不构成要求受益人承担证明责任的理由。相反,无论从法律逻辑的向度还是生活经验的向度来看,均应要求受损人承担证明责任。对于部分不当得利类型中"没有合法根据"所依据的具体事实不易确定的问题,可通过受益人"具体化说明义务"予以缓和。As for the issue of burden of proof for the 'lack of legal grounds'in the unjust enrichment action,neither the claim that the negative fact is hard to prove and there is a conflict between this kind of action and the negative action of confirmation,nor the view that it is easier for beneficiary to prove than the injured party could justify the allocation of burden of proof on the beneficiary. On the contrary,from the perspective of both legal logic and life experience,the injured,i. e.,those who suffer from loss should carry the burden of proof. For difficulties in confirming specific facts in some types of unjust enrichment,it can be alleviated by the imposition of the 'specific obligation of explanation'on the beneficiary.

关 键 词：不当得利 没有合法根据 证明责任 具体化说明义务 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]