基因型×环境互作下小麦氮代谢相关性状的遗传和相关性分析  

Inheritance and correlation analysis of genotype × environment interaction for nitrogen metabolism-related traits of wheat

作　　者：王琳琳[1] 王平[2] 王振林[1] 孙爱清[1] 杨敏[1] 王春微[1] 尹燕枰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室山东省作物生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第3期549-560,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203029;201303002)资助

摘　　要：【目的】选育氮高效的小麦品种,可有效提高氮素利用效率和生产效率,对环境安全至关重要。本文分析了小麦氮代谢相关性状的遗传效应,为小麦氮高效品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】选用7个小麦品种及其组配的12个杂交组合,进行田间盆栽试验。设置3个氮水平,利用基因型与环境互作的加性-显性遗传模型,对氮代谢相关的10个性状进行遗传与相关性分析。【结果】株高、开花期和成熟期单茎干物重、开花期氮素积累量、籽粒氮素积累量和氮素吸收总量主要受加性效应控制,花后氮素同化量受显性×环境互作效应影响较大,氮素利用效率、氮素生理效率以加性×环境互作效应为主。10个性状狭义遗传力总体不高(平均值为0.56),广义遗传力总体较高(平均值为0.881)。互作广义遗传力均达到1%显著水平,表明不同的氮水平对遗传表达有较大影响。氮素利用效率、氮素生理效率和开花期氮素积累量的互作狭义遗传力较大,表明不同氮水平对这些性状的选择效果不同。通过加性效应预测值得出,亲本DK138和JN10的氮素利用效率和氮素生理效率的加性效应为显著正效应。大多数组合的显性主效应与不同氮水平下的显性×环境互作效应在方向上不尽一致,表明小麦氮高效杂交后代的选择宜考虑特定的氮水平条件。显性效应预测值表明,组合JN10×W9903的氮素生理效率显性效应值最大且达到显著水平,是氮素生理效率较高的组合。相关分析表明,两两性状间以加性遗传相关为主。氮素生理效率与株高呈加性正相关关系,达到10%显著水平。除株高和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性外,氮素利用效率与其他性状间以显性环境互作相关为主。氮素利用效率与氮素生理效率之间的显性×环境互作相关系数达到10%显著水平。氮素利用率与氮素生理效率的表现型和基因型相关系数为正值且达1%显�【Objectives】Selection of wheat cultivars of high nitrogen utilization is essential for the improvement of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and environmental safety. In this study,the genetic effects of nitrogen metabolismrelated traits of wheat were analyzed,to provided a theoretical basis for wheat breeding of high nitrogen use efficiency cultivars. 【Methods】Seven wheat cultivars with different nitrogen use efficiencies and their twelve F1 crosses were used as materials in a pot experiment. Three nitrogen levels were designed,a genetic model was used to calculate the additive and dominance effects and their interaction. 【Results】The additive effects are the major genetic component for plant height,the dry weights in single stem at the anthesis stage and maturity stage,the nitrogen accumulation in anthesis stage,the nitrogen accumulation in grain and the total nitrogen contents. The total N assimilation amounts after the anthesis are mainly controlled by dominance × environment interaction effects,and the nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency mainly by additive × environment interaction effects. The heritabilities of ten traits in narrow-sense are generally small with a mean of 0. 56,but are high in broad-sense with a mean of 0. 881. The interaction between the heritability of ten traits in broad-sense is significant at 1%,showing a intense effect on the genetic expression under different nitrogen levels. The narrowsense heritability interactions for the nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen assimilation amount after the anthesis are high,showing the different selection results of nitrogen levels to the wheat traits. The additive effect forecast shows the significant positive interaction of DK138 and JN10 in N use efficiency and N use physiological efficiency. The dominant effects in most crosses do not always show agreeable directions with those in the interactions of domestic × environmental factors,which indicate that the selection of w

关 键 词：小麦 氮代谢 遗传 加性-显性模型 基因型×环境互作 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]