分蘖洋葱伴生对番茄矿质养分吸收及灰霉病发生的影响  

Effect of intercropping with tillered onion on mineral nutrient uptake and gray mold disease occurrence of tomato

作　　者：吴瑕[1,2] 吴凤芝[1] 周新刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学园艺学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第3期734-742,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31172002);哈尔滨科技局创新人才项目(2014RFXXJ004)资助

摘　　要：【目的】连作栽培已严重影响国内保护地番茄的产量和品质。番茄-分蘖洋葱伴生栽培能缓解番茄连作障碍,保持土壤健康,有效减少番茄生理性卷叶,显著控制土传病害的发生,提高产量5%10%。探索伴生对分蘖洋葱和番茄生长、矿质养分吸收及番茄灰霉病发生的影响有重要意义。【方法】本研究于2012年在温室内采用盆栽的方法,以分蘖洋葱与番茄伴生的栽培模式为研究对象,试验设番茄单作、分蘖洋葱单作、分蘖洋葱与番茄伴生等3个处理,在伴生30 d后测定生长指标(株高,地上干重和地下干重)和根系活力,同时对所有番茄植株进行发病率和病情指数调查。植株称干重并测定N、P、K和Mn含量。用抖根法取番茄和分蘖洋葱根际土,测定其理化性质和土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性。【结果】1)与单作相比,伴生条件下番茄株高、地上部干重、地下部干重、根系活力显著升高(P<0.05),而伴生条件下分蘖洋葱地上部干重、地下部干重、根系活力显著降低(P<0.05);番茄根际土壤脱氢酶与多酚氧化酶活性显著升高(P<0.05),而分蘖洋葱根际土壤脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),伴生番茄和分蘖洋葱根际土壤间脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性差异不显著。2)与单作相比,伴生条件下番茄根际土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效锰和分蘖洋葱根际的有效磷、有效锰含量显著降低(P<0.05),番茄根际土壤中p H、有机质以及分蘖洋葱根际碱解氮、速效钾、p H、有机质无显著变化。3)与单作相比,伴生条件下番茄植株全磷、全锰和分蘖洋葱植株内全氮、全锰均显著升高(P<0.05),但番茄植株全氮、全钾含量和分蘖洋葱植株内全磷和全钾含量均无显著变化。4)伴生番茄灰霉病病情指数显著低于单作(P<0.05)。番茄灰霉病病情指数与番茄植株全锰含量显著负相关(P<0.05),与植株�【Objectives 】 Consecutive mono-culturing of tomato seriously affects its yield and quality in the protected tomato production in China. Tomato and onion intercropping is found effective in increasing tomato production,decreasing soil-borne disease and keeping healthy soil. Here the effect of their intercropping on tomato( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and tillered onion( Allium cepa var. agrogatum Don.) growth,mineral nutrient absorption and tomato gray mould disease incidence was studied. 【Methods】A pot experiment was conducted ingreen house in 2012. Three culture modes were desinged: tomato and tillered onion intercropping, tomato monoculture and tillered onion monoculture. The growth indicators of tomato and tillered onion were investigated;the incidence and disease index of tomato gray mould disease were measured 30 days after the intercropping. The contents of total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and manganese were measured. The soil samples of rhizosphere of tomato and tillered onion were collected and the physical and chemical properties were measured. The activities of urease,acid phosphatase,dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase were measured using fresh soil samples which were stored in 4℃. 【Results 】1) Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P < 0. 05),decreases those of tillered onion significantly( P < 0. 05). The activities of soil dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase in the tomato rhizosphere are increased significantly( P < 0. 05),while those in the tillered onion rhizosphere are decreased significantly( P <0. 05). There are no significant differences in the activities of soil urease and acid phosphatase between the rhizosphere of tomato and tillered onion. 2) In the intercropping, the contents of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and manganese in the tomato rhizosphere are decreased significantly( P < 0. 05),the soil available phosphorus and available manganese in the rhizosp

关 键 词：伴生 番茄 分蘖洋葱 养分吸收 番茄灰霉病 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S633.2[农业科学—园艺学]