自然与人为干扰对大熊猫主食竹种群生态影响的研究进展  

Review of Research on the Ecological Impacts of Natural and Human Disturbances on the Giant Panda's Staple Food Bamboo Populations

作　　者：周世强[1] 吴志容 严啸[1] 黄金燕[1] 李仁贵[1] 黄炎[1] 李德生[1] 张和民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国保护大熊猫研究中心,四川卧龙623006 [2]四川省汶川县林业局,四川汶川623001

出　　处：《竹子研究汇刊》2015年第1期1-9,共9页Journal of Bamboo Research

基　　金：国家林业局大熊猫国际合作基金项目(SD1113;SD0631);香港海洋公园保育基金项目(GP09_1213)

摘　　要：大熊猫是世界上最引人注目的濒危物种之一,其在保护生物学上具有重要的研究价值和地位,受到全世界人们的关注。大熊猫食性特殊,亚高山竹类占据其食物组分的99%以上,因此对大熊猫主食竹的研究是保护大熊猫这一珍贵动物的首要任务。近30 a以来,国内外学者已积累了大量有关大熊猫主食竹的生态学知识,该文主要从主食竹对自然和人为干扰响应的研究方向进行综述。为此,笔者在综合大量历史文献的基础上,依据驱动力、来源和显著度等方面,对主食竹所受干扰类型进行了划分;梳理了人们已研究的竹子种类、采用的取样技术和实验方法;重点从气候变化、地震影响、动物采食、森林采伐、人工采笋和人为砍伐(竹子)等6个方面对野生大熊猫主食竹种群生态影响的研究现状进行了总结,力图归纳已有研究发现,阐明研究结果的科学价值及在野生大熊猫保护生物学、亚高山森林生态系统恢复生态学上的意义,为更深入的整合研究提供参考。同时,结合当前研究现状,对未来自然和人为干扰对大熊猫主食竹的影响的研究工作提出了建议。The Giant Panda( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is definitely one of the most attractive animals among endangered species in the world,which plays important roles in biological research and conservation. The panda's diet is very special,of which,more than 99% consists of subalpine bamboos. Thus,the studies of its staple food bamboos become a primary theme to protect this endangered animal. In recent 30- 40 years, a large amount of ecological knowledge and information about the staple food bamboos of the giant panda has been accumulating. This paper summarizes the advances in the studies on the bamboo's responses to natural and human disturbances. The disturbances were classified based on driving forces,origins and significant degrees. The bamboo species ever studied,sampling techniques and test methods were teased out. Finally,the ecological influence of the following factors,i. e. climate change,earthquakes,animal foraging,forest logging,bamboo shoots collecting and bamboo cutting,on the pandas' staple food bamboo populations,were discussed. This paper may serve as a reference for the conservation of wild panda populations and the recovering of subalpine forest ecosystems. In addition,some suggestions for future researches were proposed also.

关 键 词：大熊猫主食竹 自然影响 人为干扰 种群生态 研究进展 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]