生物质炭复合肥对小麦产量及温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of Biochar-Based Fertilizers on Wheat Yield and Greenhouse Gases Emissions

作　　者：李正东[1] 陶金沙[1] 李恋卿[1] 潘根兴[1] 刘晓雨[1] 张旭辉[1] 郑聚锋[1] 郑金伟[1] 王家芳[1] 俞欣妍[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第1期177-183,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2013GB23600666);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(12)3039)资助

摘　　要：选择了棉花秸秆(CBF)、玉米秸秆(MSF)、小麦秸秆(WSF)、稻壳(RHF)、花生壳(PHF)和生活废弃物(HWF)6种炭基复合肥,以当地常规化肥施用为对照(CF),研究田间条件下不同生物质炭复合肥对小麦产量及麦田温室气体排放的影响。小麦基肥中炭基复合肥和常规肥料的施用量分别为300 kg hm-2和356 kg hm-2,后期均追施等量的复合肥及尿素。结果表明:施用6种生物质炭复合肥均显著提高了小麦的产量,增产幅度达20%~35.4%,氮肥偏生产力也显著提高17.9%~34.4%,其中花生壳、棉花秸秆和玉米秸秆炭基复合肥处理下的小麦产量和氮肥偏生产力显著高于生活废弃物和小麦秸秆炭基复合肥。施用生物质炭复合肥均显著降低了麦田N2O的排放,减排幅度在56.0%~65.4%,但不同炭基复合肥间没有显著的差异。生物质炭复合肥对麦田CH4及CO2的排放无显著影响。麦田的全球增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI)在施用生物质炭复合肥处理下分别降低57.5%~66.9%和68.0%~77.5%。由此可见,生物质炭复合肥在提高氮肥偏生产力和作物产量以及温室气体减排方面具有较大的应用潜力。A total of 6 kinds of biochar-based fertilizers(BCF), including cotton stalk(CBF), maize stalk(MSF),wheat straw(WSF), rice husk(RHF), peanut shells(PHF) and domestic waste(HWF) were pre-selected. Then, a field experiment was designed to explore the effects of the above BCFs on wheat yield and greenhouse gases emissions from wheat field using the conventional fertilizer(CF) as control. The application amounts of BCFs and CF(as the base fertilizers) were 300 kg hm-2and 356 kg hm-2, respectively. All of their late dressings were the same. Results showed that, compared to CF, the BCFs significantly increased wheat yields by 20%- 35.4% and partial factor productivity of nitrogen(PFPN) by 17.9%- 34.4%. The increases in wheat yield and PFPN amended with PHF, CBF and MSF were significantly higher than those with HWF and WSF. Applying the BCFs significantly reduced N2 O emissions of wheat field by 56.0%- 65.4% compared to the control. However, no significant difference existed on CH4 and CO2 emissions. Besides, the GWP and GHGI of wheat field ecosystem decreased by 57.5%- 66.9% and 68.0%-77.5%,respectively. The results suggest that the BCFs have a great application potential in improving the partial factor productivity of nitrogen, increasing wheat yield and reducing greenhouse gases emission.

关 键 词：生物质炭复合肥 小麦 产量 温室气体排放 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]