论非常规油气与常规油气的区别和联系  

Differences and Relations between Unconventional and Conventional Oil and Gas

作　　者：邹才能[1] 陶士振[1] 白斌[1] 杨智[1] 朱如凯[1] 侯连华[1] 袁选俊[1] 张国生[1] 吴松涛[1] 庞正炼[1] 王岚 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《中国石油勘探》2015年第1期1-16,共16页China Petroleum Exploration

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)"中国陆相致密油(页岩油)形成机理与富集规律"(2014CB239000);国家科技重大专项"岩性地层油气藏成藏规律;关键技术及目标评价"(2011ZX05001)

摘　　要：随着世界油气工业勘探开发领域从常规油气向非常规油气延伸,非常规油气的勘探和研究日益受到重视。非常规油气与常规油气在基本概念、学科体系、地质研究、勘探方法、'甜点区'评价、技术攻关、开发方式与开采模式等8个方面有本质区别。非常规油气与常规油气地质学的理论基础,分别是连续型油气聚集理论和浮力圈闭成藏理论。非常规油气有两个关键标志:一是油气大面积连续分布,圈闭界限不明显,二是无自然工业稳定产量,达西渗流不明显;两个关键参数为:一是孔隙度小于10%,二是孔喉直径小于1μm或空气渗透率小于1m D。而常规油气,在上述标志和参数方面表现明显不同,孔隙度多介于10%~30%,渗透率多大于1m D。非常规油气评价重点是烃源岩特性、岩性、物性、脆性、含油气性与应力各向异性'六特性'及匹配关系,常规油气评价重点是生、储、盖、圈、运、保'六要素'及最佳匹配关系。非常规油气富集'甜点区'有8项评价标准,其中3项关键指标是TOC大于2%、孔隙度较高(致密油气】10%,页岩油气】3%)和微裂缝发育;常规油气核心评价成藏要素及其时空匹配,重点评价优质烃源灶、有利储集体、圈闭规模及有效的输导体系等。非常规油气与常规油气既有明显区别,又有密切联系。非常规油气与常规油气的相同点是,在同一含油气系统中,两者具有相同的烃源系统、相同的初次运移动力、相似的油气组成等。基于成因和分布上的本质联系,常规—非常规油气表现为'有序聚集',成因上关联、空间上共生,形成一套统一的油气聚集体系。遵循常规—非常规油气'有序聚集'规律,勘探开发过程中应将两类油气资源整体考虑、协同发展。With the world's oil and gas industry developing from conventional oil exploration and development to unconventional oil field, the study of unconventional oil exploration is drawing great attention. Unconventional and conventional oil and gas are substantially different in terms of eight aspects – basic conception, subject system, geological study, exploration method, evaluation of 'sweet-spot zone,' technological research, development method and production pattern. The geological theories of unconventional and conventional oil and gas are based separately on continuous hydrocarbon accumulation theory and buoyant trap accumulation theory. Unconventional oil and gas has two key characteristics. One is continuous distribution of oil and gas in a large area without obvious boundaries of traps. The other is no stable natural industrial output. The Darcy seepage is not obvious. There are two key parameters – porosity is lower than 10% and pore throat diameter is lower than 1μm or air permeability is lower than 1m D. As for conventional oil and gas, the above-stated characteristics and parameters are apparently different. The porosity usually ranges from 10% to 30% and the permeability is usually higher than 1m D. Unconventional oil evaluation is focused on six geological properties, such as source rock characteristics, lithologic character, physical property, brittleness, petroliferous property, and stress anisotropy. Conventional oil evaluation is focused on source rock, reservoir, cap rock, trap, migration and preservation as well as the optimum coupling relations of these six characteristics. There are eight elements for evaluation of 'sweet spot zone' of unconventional oil and gas abundance, of which three key elements are TOC higher than 2%, high porosity(tight oil and gas higher than 10% and shale oil and gas higher 3%) and development of micro-fractures. Evaluation of conventional oil reservoir is focused on core elements of accumulations and matching of time and space, emphasizing high-quality hydrocarbo

关 键 词：非常规油气 常规油气 石油地质学 非常规油气地质学 页岩气 致密油气 有序聚集 “甜点区”评价 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]