施用化肥和农家肥缓解盐碱地桑树光合午休PSⅡ光抑制  

Amelioration of chemical and organic fertilizer on photo-inhibition of PSⅡ at photosynthetic noon-break in mulberry leaves grew in saline-sodic soils

作　　者：张秀丽[1] 张倩倩[1] 许天修 凌飞[1] 孙广玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《草业科学》2015年第5期745-753,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：东北林业大学生命科学学院大学生创新项目;国家青年基金(31300506);黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZD201105);国家林业局国家级项目(2010-29;2011-32);东北林业大学学术名师支持计划

摘　　要：本研究利用快相叶绿素荧光技术分析盐碱地施用化肥和农家肥对中午时段桑树(Morus alba)叶片PSⅡ功能的影响。结果表明,在中午时段,盐碱地生长的桑树叶片的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和以光吸收为基础的光合性能指数(PIABS)分别仅为0.69和0.19,光合午休时桑树叶片发生了明显的光抑制现象,而施用化肥和农家肥均可提高桑树叶片的Fv/Fm和PIABS值,且施用农家肥的效果优于化肥。为分析施用化肥和农家肥缓解盐碱地桑树光合午休PSⅡ光抑制的原因,将OJIP曲线标准化,结果表明,施用化肥和农家肥相对增加了光合午休时桑树叶片PSⅡ电子受体侧QA向QB的电子传递能力,其原因与施用化肥和农家肥相对增强了PSⅡ受体侧QB和PQ电子库的接受电子能力有关,特别是施用农家肥与施用化肥相比,在二者均增加了PQ库容量的前提下,施用农家肥还相对增加了电子传递体QB的电子接受能力,降低了QA-的积累量。施用化肥和农家肥还相对增加了盐碱地桑树叶片光合午休时PSⅡ电子供体侧放氧复合体OEC的活性,以维持水裂解功能的正常进行和光合电子的正常供应。另外,施用化肥和农家肥还有效降低了叶绿体内类囊体的解离程度,增加其与PSⅡ蛋白复合体的附着力,以维持正常的PSⅡ的光化学活性。与化肥相比,施农家肥对缓解盐碱地桑树叶片光合午休光抑制程度方面的优势主要体现在促进桑树叶片PSⅡ受体侧电子传递方面,而对桑树叶片OEC活性和类囊体膜状态方面的影响与施化肥的差异较小。Using the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics,the effects of application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer on photo-inhibition of PSⅡ at photosynthetic noon-break in mulberry leaves grew in saline-sodic soils were investigated.The results showed that maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm)and photosynthetic performance index(PIABS)based on light absorption were only 0.69and0.19,respectively.Meanwhile,photo-inhibition was significant in leaves of mulberry in salt and alkali soil at photosynthetic noon-break.Both chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased the Fv/Fmand PIABS although organic fertilizer were superior than chemical fertilizer.With standardization of OJIP curve,the electronic transmission ability of QAto QBin PSⅡ electronic receptor side increased at photosynthetic noonbreak.The application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer alleviated photo inhibition of PSⅡ photosynthetic noon-break by increasing electron-accepting ability of QBand PQ electronic library,especially,organic fertilizer application also increased electron-accepting ability of QBand decreased QA-accumulation.The application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased the activities of oxygen evolution complex(OEC)in PSⅡ electronic receptor side to maintain the normal water cracking function and supply of photosynthetic electron.In addition,the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer also decreased the dissociation degree of chloroplast thylakoid and increased its adhesion of PSⅡ protein complex to maintain photochemical activity of PSⅡ.The relieve of photo inhibition of PSⅡ photosynthetic noonbreak of organic fertilizer was better than that of chemical fertilizer because the electronic transmission in PSⅡ electronic receptor,while there was few difference between two fertilizers on the condition of OEC and thylakoid membrane.

关 键 词：OJIP曲线 修复盐碱地 施肥种类 缓解光抑制 

分 类 号：Q945.11[生物学—植物学]