草原鼠类与草食家畜食物生态位分异初探  

The primary investigation of food niche differentiation between livestock and grassland rodents

作　　者：才让吉 卫万荣[2] 张卫国[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省合作市草原工作站,甘肃合作747000 [2]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2015年第5期802-808,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203041)

摘　　要：通过肉眼观测、样方测定和采食前后对比分析的方法,对高寒草甸主要家畜[牦牛(Bos grunniens)和藏羊(Ovis aries thibetana)]和鼠类动物[高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)和高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)]的食物生态位分异进行了研究。结果表明,鼠类与家畜的食物资源谱存在较大差异,禾草和莎草是藏羊和牦牛食物结构的主体,而高原鼠兔的食谱较为宽泛,高原鼢鼠则主要涉及具有发达轴根、根茎、球茎和块根类植物。家畜的食物生态位宽度、物种多样性和利用均匀度均显著高于鼠类。食物生态位重叠度以藏羊和牦牛最高,其次为高原鼠兔和藏羊,重叠度最低的是高原鼢鼠和藏羊。由此可见,鼠类与家畜的食物生态位分异较大,因食物竞争而对家畜构成的不利影响较为有限。By visual observing,qudrat measuring and food analyzing before and after foraging,the food niche differentiation between livestock(yak and Tibetan sheep)and rodents(plateau pika and plateau zokor)was investigated in Gannan alpine meadow.The results showed that food spectrum of rodents and domestic animals were different.Tibetan sheep and yaks mainly feed grasses and sedges,however,pika had broad food spectrum and zokor mainly feed the plants with taproots,rhizome,bulbs and earthnut.The food niche width,species diversity and evenness of livestock were significantly higher than those of rodents.The overlap of food niche between Tibetan sheep and yak was the highest,that between pika and tibetan sheep followed and that between zokor and Tibetan sheep was lowest.These results indicated that the food niche differentiation between rodents and livestock was larger because of the limited adverse effects of food competition on livestock.

关 键 词：草原鼠类 草食家畜 食物资源 生态位分异 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]