地缘合作中的陆疆跨境生态安全及调控  

Transboundary eco-security regulation for geopolitical cooperation in land border areas

作　　者：柳江[1,2] 武瑞东[1,2] 何大明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学亚洲国际河流中心,昆明650091 [2]云南省国际河流与跨境生态安全重点实验室,昆明650091

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2015年第5期606-616,共11页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41261101);国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1202232);国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAB06B03);中国华能集团公司总部科技项目(HNKJ13-H17-03)

摘　　要：新世纪以来,随着经济全球化和区域地缘政治经济合作的加强,世界各国的持续发展不仅日益高度依存,相互间对资源与环境的竞争也日益加剧,使跨境资源和环境因素的影响渗入到国家安全、国际经济和贸易等各个层面。在此背景下,毗邻国家间围绕国际河流开发的地缘合作发展最为迅速,导致陆疆跨境生态安全问题突出,广受关注。本文从跨境水资源利用、沿边境土地变化特征、生物跨境入侵等方面系统分析了中国地缘合作中的主要陆疆跨境生态安全问题及其研究进展,总结了基于水、陆生态系统跨境生态安全科学调控的主要机制与成效。结果表明:陆疆跨境生态问题呈现出以跨境水问题为核心,土地等自然资源利用、动植物保护与生物入侵防控、灾害监测与预防等多方面多层次发展的态势,跨境问题与全球变化相互交织,在某些区域呈现加剧的趋势。创新安全理念,进行深度地缘合作已成为应对跨境生态安全问题主流思维。本文结合"推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动",从"一带一路"沿途跨境水安全、入境河流水安全污染、流域环境风险以及大型工程的交互影响等方面展望了未来需要重点加强研究和调控的陆疆跨境生态安全问题。With the process of globalization and regional integration, the world today is increasingly interconnected and interdependent. Meanwhile, more transboundary issues are concerned with competition between countries for resources and environmental services, which involve the global economy, international trade, and national security of countries. Among these issue, geopolitical cooperation in international river basins highlights the development trend of transboundary eco-security. In this article we summarize the main transboundary issues and research advances, demonstrate cases of regulation and mechanism in transboundary eco-security of China.The results indicated that transboundary issues were brought into sharp focus by international rivers, and also were given close attentions on utilization of resources, protection of plants and animals, bioinvasion controlling and disasters monitoring. Interacting with global changes these multi- level issues intensify environmental risks in specific regions. For dealing with transboundary ecological issues, concepts of security as well as a higher-lever geopolitical cooperation need to develop. Furthermore, we put forward some recommendations for further study in the areas of transboundary water resources and climate changes, water security of inflow rivers, pollution in international river basins, interaction and impacts of large-scale engineering projects, combining the 'Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road'.

关 键 词：跨境生态安全 国际河流 “一带一路” 地缘合作 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]