旅游社会—生态系统的运行机制——以西安市上王村为例  

Research on dynamic mechanism of tourism-based socialecological system using the minimum description model:A case study in Shangwang village of Xi'an city

作　　者：李佳[1] 陈佳[1] 杨新军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127

出　　处：《地理研究》2015年第5期977-990,共14页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171127);西北大学研究生自主创新项目(YZZ13005)

摘　　要：乡村旅游人地关系研究迫切需要新的视角。将乡村视作以旅游发展为基础的局域社会—生态系统,认为其本质是将乡村自然环境、社会经济和旅游发展联接起来,构建一种"全景式"审视村域人地关系的分析框架。借鉴社会—生态系统的相关理论,以陕西秦岭北麓上王村为例,构建乡村旅游社会—生态系统模型,通过实地调查和访谈获取数据,以游客分类为基础,辨识了乡村旅游社会—生态系统获得稳态的关键变量,分析系统内部运行的动力机制。主要结论:1划分出生态旅游者和大众旅游者,通过识别不同游客的旅游偏好,结合生态系统商品与服务的质量,以及资本变量,构建旅游社会—生态系统的四维模型,理清指标的关键变量。2通过模型计算,得到维持系统稳态的阈值(退化系数)ω在0.2587~0.3605之间,各子系统的关键变量包括与生态旅游者相关的"娱乐方式"、"景区内部道路完善性"、"景区旅游接待设施的完善"和"人类是世界的主宰",与大众旅游者相关的"便宜的住宿"、"人类需要和环境和谐共处"和"景区旅游接待设施的完善",与环境相关的"发展旅游的条件",与资本相关的"景区基础设施的退化程度"。3景区管理者在政策制定方面,应根据游客行为的特征和反馈,做出调整和改变,以应对和减缓当地社会—生态系统的负面影响,促进乡村旅游发展的"可持续性"。The study of human- environment interactions in rural tourism needs a novel perspective. In this paper, we take the rural area as a local social- ecological system which is based on tourism development and incorporates the environmental and social- economic system with tourism development. This study aims to build a framework of 'panorama' analysis and thus to study human- environment interactions in rural areas. By reviewing the related theories of social-ecological systems, we choose Shangwang village in Shaanxi province as the study area and then build a local tourism-based social-ecological system. Specifically, based on the tourist classification, we conduct multiple social surveys and interviews in the Shangwang village, which enabled us to identify the key variables of stable state in the local tourism-based social- ecological system and thus analyzed the internal mechanism and internal dynamics of this system. The main conclusions include(1) the tourists can be classified into two categories,i.e., eco- tourists and mass tourists; we build a four- indicator model by analyzing the tourism preference, the quality of ecosystem products and services, and capital variables, and then clarify the key variables.(2) the results of model calculation indicate that the degradation coefficient ω ranges between 0.2587 and 0.3605, and the key variables of each sub- system include: entertainment, the integrity of internal road repairs, the perfection of tourist facilities,and the domination of the whole world by humans which are closely associated with ecotourists; accommodations, human need for harmonious coexistence with environment, and perfect tourist facilities which are closely associated with mass tourists; the development of tourism conditions which is related to environment; and the degree of degradation of the scenic infrastructure which is the key variable of capital;(3) the local administrators including the policy makers should make adjustments by considering the characteristics and feedbacks of tourist beha

关 键 词：旅游社会—生态系统 生态旅游者 大众旅游者 退化系数 动力机制 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理] F224[经济管理—产业经济]