玉米芯生物炭对大豆的生物学效应  

Biological Effects of Corncob-derived Biochar on Soybean Plants

作　　者：张伟明[1] 管学超[1] 黄玉威[1] 孙大荃[1] 孟军[1] 陈温福[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院/辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心,沈阳110866

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2015年第2期391-400,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学研究一般项目(L2014267);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303095);辽宁省高校重大科技平台建设项目(生物炭工程技术研究中心)

摘　　要：以玉米芯为原材料,采用新型炭化技术制备生物炭,研究了玉米芯炭的结构及理化特性,并通过大田试验研究了玉米芯生物炭对大豆的生物学效应。结果表明,玉米芯在炭化后总孔体积、比表面积、p H、固定碳含量、灰分含量分别提高了5.54、3.74、1、5.03、0.26倍,具有丰富的微孔结构和元素种类。施用玉米芯炭后,大豆株高、地上部干物质积累提高,光合作用、营养生理以及氮、磷、钾养分吸收功能增强,产量与品质明显提高。较高施炭量(1500、3000 kg·hm-2)平均比对照增产10.98%。该玉米芯生物炭结构与理化特性良好,是一种理想的农用生物炭材料,可应用于东北大豆生产。Biochars applied to soil have shown to enhance plant growth. However, the biological effects of biochar generated from corncob on soybean are poorly understood. In this study, the structure and properties of corncob-biochar produced by a novel carbonization technology was studied. The effect of corncob-biochar on the growth of soybean(Glycine max L. Merr.)was also evaluated in a field experiment in the Northeast China. Compared to corncob, the corncob derived biochar had 5.54-fold greater total pore volume, 3.74-fold larger specific surface area, 1-fold higher p H, 5.03-fold more fixed carbon, and 0.26-fold ampler ash content, indicating that this biochar had rich microporous structures. Applications of corncob-biochar increased plant height, dry matter accumulation, and photosynthetic and nutritional physiological processes of soybean. Biochar additions also improved the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by plants. The biochar significantly enhanced the yield and quality of soybean. The average soybean yield was 10.98% higher at two higher rates of biochar(1500kg·hm-2and 3000 kg·hm-2)than that of the control. Taken together, these results suggest that corncob-biochar has good physical and chemical characteristics, and could be a good agricultural material to be used in soybean production in Northeast China.

关 键 词：玉米芯 生物炭 大豆 生物学效应 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]