接种菌剂对牛粪堆肥反硝化细菌群落的影响  

Effect of Microbial Inoculum on Denitrifying Bacterial Communities in Cow Manure Compost

作　　者：徐莹莹[1] 许修宏[1] 任广明[1] 孙瑜[1] 李洪涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2015年第3期570-577,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31372351;31272484)

摘　　要：将具有木质纤维素降解能力的菌剂,接种到以牛粪和水稻秸秆为材料的堆肥中,通过测定温度、p H、C/N、种子发芽率、NH+4-N、NO-3-N相关指标,考察了接种菌剂堆肥和自然堆肥的腐熟情况;采用传统培养与PCR-DGGE技术相结合的方法 ,研究了接种菌剂对牛粪堆肥中反硝化细菌数量及nos Z-反硝化细菌群落结构多样性的影响。结果表明:两种堆肥都已完全腐熟,达到无害化标准,且接种菌剂堆肥更利于有机质分解,腐熟度更好;接种菌剂使可培养的反硝化细菌数量减少,nos Z-反硝化细菌多样性增加;自然堆肥中样品间相似性在50%~75%之间,接种菌剂堆肥样品间相似性在27%~76%之间,接种菌剂加快了反硝化细菌群落的演替。堆肥中nos Z-反硝化细菌包括γ-变形菌纲(γ-proteobacteria)、β-变形菌纲(β-proteobacteria)、未培养细菌(Uncultured bacteria)和α-变形菌纲(α-proteobacteria);接种菌剂堆肥中检测到自然堆肥不存在的反硝化细菌类群,这些类群分别属于盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、固氮螺菌属(Azospirillum)、副球菌属(Paracoccus)、草螺菌属(Herbaspirillum)和产碱菌属(Alcaligenes),其中,产碱菌属、副球菌属中某些菌株的反硝化终产物为N2,减少了温室气体N2O的排放。Aerobic composting is an effective method to dispose solid organic wastes. In this study, cow manure with rice straw was used to investigate the effect of lignocelluloses-degrading microbial inoculum on denitrifying bacterial communities. Composting maturity was as-sessed by temperature, p H, C/N, seed germination index(GI), NH+4-N and NO-3-N contents. Both natural and microbes-inoculated composts were completely mature, with the inoculated compost more mature than natural one. Microbial inoculation decreased denitrifying bacterial population, but increased the diversity of nos Z-denitrifying bacterial community. The similarity of natural compost samples ranged from 50% to 75%, while that among microbe-inoculated samples was between 27% and 76%, indicating an accelerated succession of denitrifying bacterial communities by inoculated microbes. Nos Z-denitrifying bacteria in compost included γ-proteobacteria, β-proteobacteria,uncultured bacteria and α-proteobacteria. Microbes-inoculated compost contained some denitrifying bacteria taxas that were not present in the natural compost. These taxas were Halomonas, Azospirillum, Paracoccus, Herbaspirillum and Alcaligenes. Among them, the final denitrifying product of Alcaligene and Paracoccus was N2, thus decreasing N2O emissions.

关 键 词：自然堆肥 接种菌剂堆肥 腐熟 反硝化细菌数量 反硝化细菌多样性 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172