早稻灌浆乳熟期蓄水灌溉对产量及温室气体排放的影响  

Rice Yields and Greenhouse Gas Emissions as Influenced by Standing Water Depths at Milking Stage of Early Rice

作　　者：傅志强[1] 龙攀[1] 刘依依[1] 谢天洋 龙文飞[1] 钟娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2015年第3期599-605,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD11B02;2011BAD16B01;2012BAD04B10;2013BAD07B11);湖南省科技厅支撑计划项目(2013SK3158)

摘　　要：为给湖南双季稻区稻田蓄水采用'早水晚用'的节水栽培模式提供理论依据,于早稻灌浆乳熟期起保持稻田不同的灌水深度(10、15、20 cm),通过大田试验探讨不同灌水深度对早稻产量及温室气体排放的影响。结果表明:与常规水管理相比,灌深水有利于提高光合速率,但降低了结实率和千粒重,使产量减少3.1%~5.7%,但差异不显著;灌深水增加了62.7%~113.6%的CH4累积排放量,减少了63.1%~84.1%的N2O累积排放量,差异显著。各灌水处理中以灌水深10 cm增排量最高,随着灌水深度增加增温潜势降低,各灌水处理的增温潜势超出常规水管理57.2%~96.6%。根据湖南降雨季节分布规律,加高加固田埂后,早稻成熟期蓄积20 cm深水有利于双季稻区晚稻种植和节水。但蓄深水增加了CH4排放,对此有待进一步深入研究减排措施。Rice fields contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions, and water managements affect this contribution. In this study, a field experiment was designed to examine the effects of irrigation water on yields and greenhouse gas emissions by keeping different depths of standing water(10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm) in paddy field from milking to maturity stage of early rice. Compared to traditional water regime(CK), deep standing water improved plant photosynthetic rate, but reduced seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, resulting in3.1%~5.7% reduction of rice yields with no significant difference. However, deep standing water treatments increased the cumulative CH4 emission by 62.7%~113.6%, but decreased the cumulative N2 O emission by 63.1%~84.1%, compared to the control. Significant differences were found among the treatments. The global warming potential(GWP) of CH4 and N2O was found to be the highest in the 10 cm depth of standing water. The deeper the standing water, the lower GWPs were observed. Overall, the GWP was 57.2%~96.6% higher in deep standing water than in CK. In conclusion, holding 20 cm depth water in early rice field would benefit late rice cultivation in the double-season rice area of Hunan Province. Further study is necessary on reducing CH4 emission from deep standing water paddy field.

关 键 词：早稻 蓄水深度 产量 温室气体 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学]