生物炭和园林废弃堆腐物对设施蔬菜的影响:Ⅰ土壤理化性质及产量  

Impacts of Biochar and Garden Waste Compost on Greenhouse Vegetables:Ⅰ. Soil Physicochemical Properties and Vegetable Yields

作　　者：陈延华[1,2,3] 廖上强[1,2,3] 李艳梅[1,2,3] 张倩 郭宁[5] 张琳[1,2,3] 杨俊刚[1,2,3] 孙焱鑫[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [2]农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室,北京100097 [3]北京市缓控释肥料中心,北京100097 [4]德州市农产品质量安全监督检测中心,山东德州253015 [5]北京市土肥工作站,北京100029

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2015年第5期913-919,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设(KJCX201104004;KJCX201204002);北京市缓控释肥料工程中心建设(z111105055311092);首都安全投入品科技服务绿色通道建设(d131100000813001);北京市农委项目(i2013_001108202_000019);现代农业产业技术体系北京市叶类蔬菜创新团队专项(blvt-08)

摘　　要：以生物炭(BIC)和园林废弃堆腐物(GWC)为研究对象,设置快菜田间小区试验,比较了不同添加量对设施蔬菜土壤理化性质及产量的影响。结果表明:BIC和GWC都显著降低了土壤容重(4.29%~10.71%),增加了CEC、交换性Ca2+和土壤硝态氮含量,增幅分别为13.40%~19.62%、30.22%~56.89%和154.95%~628.76%;BIC显著增加了表层土壤的质量含水量和贮水量(3.36%~9.52%),降低了交换性Na+、ESP和SAR的含量,降幅分别为4.53%~12.48%、18.24%~23.58%和18.82%~27.56%;GWC对Mg2+升高起主要作用,升幅为7.94%~17.06%;两种材料的添加均显著增加了设施蔬菜产量,GWC 5 t·hm-2+BIC 15 t·hm-2的处理和单施BIC 10 t·hm-2的处理,分别比对照增产23.05%和19.78%,且对土壤理化性状改良效果显著,适宜在京郊设施菜地应用。Many studies have been conducted on the effects of biochar(BIC)or garden waste compost(GWC)on the growth of greenhouse vegetables. However, few reports have been focused on the combined effects of two types of materials. In this study, the combined effects of BIC and GWC at different ratios on soil physical and chemical properties and Chinese cabbage yields were studied in a field experiment. Results showed that:(1)Both BIC and GWC significantly reduced soil bulk density by 2.86%~10.71%, but increased CEC, exchangeable Ca2+, and soil nitrate content by 13.4%~19.6%, 30.2%~56.9%, and 155.0%~628.8%, respectively;(2) BIC applications significantly increased moisture content and total water content of top soil by 7.2%~12.7% and 5.0%~13.4%, while decreased exchangeable Na+, ESP and SAR by4.5%~12.5%, 18.2%~23.6%, and 18.9%~27.6%, respectively;(3)Applying GWC significantly increased exchangeable Mg2+ by 7.9%~17.1%;(4)Applications of these two materials significantly increased Chinese cabbage yields, especially in the treatments of GWC l5 t·hm-2+BIC 15 t·hm-2and BIC10 t·hm-2, which increased the yields by 23.1% and 19.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, these two treatments significantly improved the soil physicochemical properties. Together, they could be recommended for application to greenhouse vegetable fields in Beijing suburbs.

关 键 词：生物炭 园林废弃堆腐物 设施蔬菜 土壤理化性质 产量 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]