柠檬酸对温室土壤磷有效性的影响  

Effects of Citric Acid on Phosphorus Availability for Soil in Greenhouse Field

作　　者：房福力[1] 姚志鹏[1] 林伟[1] 李玉中[1,2] 徐春英[1] 李巧珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部旱地节水农业重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院环境稳定同位素实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2015年第6期1166-1173,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD32B03);国家自然科学基金项目(41301553);中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费项目(BSRF201304)

摘　　要：温室菜地土壤面临磷肥大量投入,磷肥有效性低下等问题,为提高土壤中磷素的有效性,减少磷肥施用,亟待开展相关研究。以番茄为供试对象,研究温室番茄地施用柠檬酸对土壤有效磷时空变化及番茄产量的影响,试验设置磷肥和柠檬酸2个因素4个水平,采用完全随机设计,分别为:0(CA0)、0.42(CA1)、0.84(CA2)、1.26(CA3)kg·hm-2和0(P0)、96(P1)、168(P2)、240(P3)kg·hm-2。结果表明:与对照相比,施加柠檬酸后土壤p H极显著降低(P<0.01),CA3P0处理使土壤p H降低了0.62;不施加磷肥时,柠檬酸促进土壤磷素的释放,提高了土壤有效磷的含量;施加磷肥后,柠檬酸和磷肥交互作用可以显著提高表层0~20 cm土壤有效磷含量,但是过多施用柠檬酸和磷肥CA3P3处理使表层0~20 cm土壤有效磷含量降低,使20~40 cm土壤有效磷含量增加,并提高有效磷向下运移的可能性。合适的柠檬酸和磷肥配比CA2P2既可以获得较高番茄产量6.02 t·hm-2,又可以减少30%的磷肥施用量,同时降低磷素向深层运移的风险。The utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers in vegetable production under greenhouse condition is low in spite of its excessive use. Thus, it need to improve the availability of phosphorus and consequently reduce its application rate.In this study, a greenhouse trial was conducted to reveal the effects of citric acid on soil available phosphorus and tomato yield. Four phosphate fertilizer application rates(0,96, 168, 240 kg·hm-2, denoted as P0, P1, P2, P3, respectively)and four citric acid levels(0, 0.42, 0.84, 1.26 kg·hm-2, denoted as CA0,CA1, CA2, CA3, respectively)were arranged with the method of completely random design. The results showed that soil p H decreased significantly(P<0.01)with the increment of citric acid addition level, and it decreased by 0.62 units for CA3P0 compared with CA0P0. With-out the phosphate fertilization phosphorus release from the soil pool was enhanced in the top 0~20 cm soil after citric acid addition. However, as shown by treatment CA3P3, overuse of citric acid decreased the available phosphorus content in this soil layer, but increased the content in the 20~40 cm soil, which tend to leach to deep soil. The recommended application rates of citric acid and phosphate were 0.84 kg·hm-2(CA2)and 168 kg·hm-2(P2), respectively. This dosage not only produced a maximum tomato yield of 6.02 t·hm-2, but also reduced phosphate application by 30% compared with P3, implying a lower environmental risk of phosphorus leaching to the deep soil.

关 键 词：温室 番茄 有效磷 柠檬酸 磷肥 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]