餐厨垃圾制菌肥对番茄根结线虫病的防效以及对土壤生物活性的影响  

Effects of Biological Organic Fertilizer Made from Food Waste on the Control of Tomato Root Knot Disease and Soil Biological Properties

作　　者：余真[1,2] 张又弛[1] 罗文邃[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所,福建厦门361021 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2015年第6期1217-1224,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2012AA06A204-2)

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验方法,研究了以腐熟餐厨废弃物有机肥为载体,添加生防真菌淡紫拟青霉(Paecilomyces lilacinus)制成的菌肥(BOF)对番茄根结线虫病的防效和对土壤生物活性的影响。结果表明:施用菌肥可显著降低根结线虫病的发生,在对照(CK)防效指定为0时,BOF处理达到54%,比化肥(CF)和有机肥(OF)处理分别提高了218.6%和178.4%;在养分含量相当的情况下,BOF处理的株高、茎粗、地上部鲜重分别比CF处理增加了14.7%、12.7%、7.6%,表现出显著的促生效果。利用荧光定量PCR对不同处理组土壤中细菌和放线菌含量测定发现,与CK和CF处理组相比,BOF处理组土壤中细菌和放线菌数量显著增加。土壤酶活测定结果显示,BOF处理土壤脲酶、转化酶、酸性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性均显著提高。研究结果表明,餐厨废弃物制成的淡紫拟青霉菌肥能有效降低番茄根结线虫病害的发生,促进番茄生长,改善土壤微生物区系,提高土壤酶活性,具有广泛应用前景。In this study, the effect of biological organic fertilzer(BOF) on the control of the tomato root knot disease and soil biological activities was studied in pot experiment. The BOF was made by inoculating food waste organic fertilizer with nematophagous fungus Pae-cilomyces lilacinus and compared other types of fertilizer, e.g., chemical fertilizer(CF) and food waste organic fertilizer(OF). Results showed that the root knot disease was significantly reduced in the pots treated with BOF as compared with CF(by 218.6%) or OF(by178.4%)(P<0.05). Among all the treatments, the highest values of plant height, stem diameter and fresh weight were also obtained in BOF treatment, which may be attributed to the disease control ability of BOF. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)detected significantly larger populations of bacteria and actinomyces in BOF treated soils than those in CK(no application of fertilizer)or CF treatments(P<0.05). Besides these, the activities of soil dehydrogenase, urease, invertase and acid phosphatase in the BOF treatment were dramatically higher than other treatments. These results indicated that the BOF has promising future for reducing tomato root knot disease,promoting the growth of tomato and improving the soil biological properties.

关 键 词：餐厨废弃物 菌肥 淡紫拟青霉 防病效果 土壤生物活性 

分 类 号：S436.412[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] X705[农业科学—植物保护]