乳酸菌和化学保存剂对窖贮紫花苜蓿青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响  

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria or a Chemical Preservative on the Quality and Aerobic Stability of Alfalfa Silage Produced in Farm-scale Silos

作　　者：刘辉[1,2] 卜登攀[2,3,4] 吕中旺[2] 李发弟[1] 刘士杰[5] 张开展 王加启[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [3]东北农业大学食品安全与营养协同创新中心,哈尔滨150030 [4]CAAS-ICRAF农用林业与可持续畜牧业联合实验室,北京100193 [5]中国饲料工业协会,北京100125 [6]北京中地种畜有限公司,北京100028

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2015年第5期784-791,共8页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD12B02-5;2012BAD43B01-2);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07)

摘　　要：本试验旨在评价不同添加剂对窖贮紫花苜蓿青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响。以初花期紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)为材料,田间凋萎至干物质含量50%左右时进行青贮。4个处理组:1)CK:对照组(不加添加剂),2)LAB:添加2×105 cfu·g-1乳酸菌组,3)LAB+M:添加2×105 cfu·g-1乳酸菌+2%糖蜜组,4)SD:添加0.1%脱氢乙酸钠组。青贮90d启窖取样分析青贮饲料发酵指标和化学成分,同时进行有氧稳定性测试。结果表明:所有处理组青贮饲料发酵品质均良好。添加LAB、LAB+M和SD可显著提高苜蓿青贮的乳酸含量、乳酸/乙酸和干物质回收率(P<0.05),显著降低氨态氮/总氮(P<0.05),对粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和可溶性碳水化合物含量无显著影响(P>0.05);SD处理在pH、乳酸及氨态氮/总氮指标上的青贮效果要低于LAB和LAB+M处理,LAB和LAB+M处理的青贮效果相当。启窖后,LAB、LAB+M和SD处理的苜蓿青贮饲料有氧稳定性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且添加LAB的效果优于LAB+M和SD。综上表明,在紫花苜蓿窖贮条件下添加LAB可获得品质最优的青贮饲料。This study evaluated the effect of different additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of alfalfa herbage(Medicago sativa L.).Whole fourth-cut alfalfa was harvested at the early bloom stage of maturity and allowed to wilt to a DM content of about 50%.Chopped grasses were untreated or after the following treatments:1)Control(no additives)(CK);2)Lactic acid bacteria(a commercial inoculant)(LAB)at 2×105 colony-forming units cfu·g-1 of fresh forage;3)A combination of lactic acid bacteria at 2×105 cfu·g-1 of fresh forage and molasses at 2% offresh forage weight(LAB+M);4)Sodium dehydroacetate(SD)at 0.1% of fresh forage weight.Silages were sampled on d 90 after ensiling for fermentation and chemical analysis.At the end of the ensiling period,90 d,the silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test.In this test,temperature variation was measured and served as spoilage indicators.The results showed that all silages have a good fermentation quality.The application of LAB,LAB+M and SD as silage additives could significantly increase the lactic acid,lactic acid/acetic acid ratio and dry matter recovery but did not alter the crude protein,neutral detergent fiber,Acid detergent fiber and water soluble carbohydrates.The SD silages had less lactic acid concentrations and greater ammonia-N(of %TN)compared with the LAB and LAB+M silages,implied a relatively lower fermentation quality.The LAB silages and LAB+M silages had an equal quality.Silages treated with LAB,LAB+M,and SD took longer to heat than untreated silage when exposed to air,and improvements were numerically substantial.Inoculating alfalfa silage with LAB dramatically improved the aerobic stability of alfalfa haylage.These results indicated that alfalfa haylages produced in farm-scale silos treated with LAB could obtain the best quality.

关 键 词：添加剂 紫花苜蓿 青贮品质 有氧稳定性 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]