与药品专利强制许可相关的“公共健康”含义  

The Relative Connotation of “Public Health” for Drug Patent Compulsory License

作　　者：刘立春[1] 朱雪忠[2] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学管理学院,武汉430074 [2]同济大学知识产权学院,上海200092

出　　处：《中国卫生经济》2015年第2期73-78,共6页Chinese Health Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(12&ZD073);国家自然科学基金项目(71003037)

摘　　要：目的:公共健康目的是政府颁布药品专利强制许可的理由之一,但其内涵在发展中国家和发达国家之间倍受争议,我国目前对此尚无明确规定,应参照我国国情对其进行界定。方法:通过数据统计、案例分析的方法对1995—2013年与公共健康相关的药品专利强制许案例进行系统研究。结果:药品专利强制许可大部分发生在中高收入国家,强制许可对象主要为需长期维持治疗疾病的药品专利,并且近年来许可对象由传染性疾病向非传染性疾病药品专利转移。结论:非传染性疾病专利药品对我国公共健康的影响与传染性疾病相当,将非传染性疾病药品专利纳入激活强制许可的公共健康范围具有明显的社会意义。Objective:The aim for public health is a reason that a government issues a drug patent compulsory license; however,the connotation of public health has evoked much controversy among the developing countries and the developed countries. In China,there is no clear definition on public interests for issuing a drug patent compulsory license, thus, it should interpret some concernedconcepts under China’s current situation.Methods:Through analyzing the statistical data and the cases, it systematically studied thecases of the drug patent compulsory licenses for public health from 1995 to 2013.Results:It found that the upper-middle-incomecountries had high compulsory license activity and strong incentives to use compulsory licenses. The compulsory objects generally need-ed lorng-term sustainable drug patent and the permitted objects transferred from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseas-es.Conclusion:Both of the two diseases had equal great influence on public health in China. Therefore, it had obvious social signifi-cance of translating drug for non-communicable diseases into the range of compulsory license for public health.

关 键 词：公共健康 药品专利 强制许可 非传染性疾病 

分 类 号：R95[医药卫生—药学]