从水汽角度对青藏高原东南侧高空探测布局的分析  

Research about Radiosonde Stations Increase in Southeast Side of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Based on Its Water Vapor Characteristics

作　　者：段玮[1] 段旭[1] 徐开[1] 杨家康[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省气象科学研究所,昆明650034

出　　处：《高原气象》2015年第2期307-317,共11页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)专项(GYHY201006053);国家自然科学基金项目(41205067);云南省应用基础研究专项(2010CD138);云南省科技惠民计划(2014RA002)

摘　　要：水汽是大气探测最关心的要素之一。从青藏高原东南侧出发,以NCEP再分析资料为基础,利用水汽气候诊断方法结合区域地形研究了该区域的水汽分布、输送与辐合辐散特征,并讨论了探空站布局。水汽输送分布与大气可降水季节差异均表明,青藏高原东南侧是夏、秋季东亚季风和南亚季风影响的季风过渡区,也是东亚地区最主要的水汽通道之一,尤其在秋、冬、春季此通道的水汽输送更为关键。青藏高原东南侧的大气可降水量比西南侧明显要大,这与低纬高原和青藏高原南侧南凸弧形构成的地形组合有着密切关系。青藏高原东南侧地形对水汽辐合、辐散的影响具有复杂性和特殊性,既有经向、纬向差异也有高低层差异。复杂的水汽分布及输送特征需要加强水汽探测。通过对水汽探测关键区的量化研究表明,滇西北—藏东南—缅北地区、滇东—黔西地区以及滇西南地区是观测需求较为显著的区域。Water vapor is one of the most concerned elements of atmospheric probing. Using NCEP reanalysis data and considering the terrain,the water vapor characteristics(e. g. distribution of water vapor,transport of water vapor,its convergence and divergence) in one sub-region of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP),the southeast side of the QXP,are analyzed by the climate diagnostic methods. Based on its water vapor characteristics,the quantitative research of radiosonde stations Increase is developed. The results show that the water vapor transport and seasonal differences of atmospheric precipitable water show that the QXP in the southeast is the interaction region of East Asian monsoon and South Asian monsoon. The southeast side of the QXP is the most important water vapor channel in northeast hemisphere,especially in autumn,winter and spring. The atmospheric precipitable water in the southeast side of the QXP is significantly larger than the southwest side of QXP,the reason are directly related to the combination the southw ard convex curved terrain of the QXP and low latitude plateau terrain. For moisture convergence and divergence,terrain is a complex and special role in the southeast side of the QXP. Its role is not only exist level differences,but also exist longitudinal and latitudinal differences.Base on quantitative research about the key area of water vapor detection,the urgent area to increase radiosonde stations include northwestern of Yunnan-southeastern of Tibet-northern of Burma,eastern of Yunnan-western of Guizhou(near 25°N) and southwest of Yunnan.

关 键 词：青藏高原东南侧 地形 水汽特征 探空布局 

分 类 号：P411[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]