天山南北坡流域气温时空变化特征  

Characteristics of Air Temperature in the Southern and Northern Slopes of Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：蒲红铮 韩添丁[1] 成鹏[3] 李向应[4] 焦克勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]乌鲁木齐市气象局,乌鲁木齐830002 [4]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210093

出　　处：《高原气象》2015年第3期753-761,共9页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家支撑计划专项(2013BAB05B03T1);国家自然科学基金项目(41271035;41201060);中国科学院重点部署项目(KJZD-EW-G03-04)

摘　　要：利用近50年新疆天山南北坡乌拉斯台河和乌鲁木齐河流域不同气象站点气温资料,对比分析了天山南北坡的气温变化趋势、入春与入夏时间、气温年极值、气温年较差及冬季逆温层变化特征。结果表明:天山南北坡显著升温时间约为1997年,北坡的乌鲁木齐气温增加趋势最大,为0.402℃·(10a)-1;南坡的库尔勒比乌鲁木齐入春、入夏早,乌鲁木齐主要入春、入夏时间分别为4月和6月,而库尔勒分别为3月和5月;北坡比南坡入春连续5天平均气温约高1℃,而两者入夏连续5天的平均气温接近;天山南北坡年最高气温的最大值、最小值和年平均最高气温随海拔的升高逐渐降低,而年最低气温的变化南北坡表现不一致,并且南北坡各站点的气温年较差随着高度的增加而减少;1月北坡逆温层的厚度大于南坡,北坡逆温层小渠子和蔡家湖的气温差变化趋势为-0.208℃·(10a)-1,南坡逆温层巴伦台和和静的气温差变化趋势为0.236℃·(10a)-1。Based on the observation of air temperature data in the Southern and Northern Slopes of Tianshan Mountains in recent 50 years,the change tend of annual mean temperature,different time of beginning spring and summer,the characteristics of annual maximum temperature and minimum temperature and annual temperature range are analyzed. The results showthat air temperature increased in 1997 in the southern and northern slopes of Tianshan M ountains and that the change tend of the temperature is maximum,0. 402℃ ·( 10a)- 1,in the northern slope of the Urumqi station. It suggests the beginning dates of spring and summer in the southern slope of the Kuerl station are earlier than that in the northern slope of the Urumqi Station. It enters the spring in April in the northern slope of the Urumqi Station and in M arch in the southern slope of the Kuerl station. The temperature of beginning spring in the northern slope of the Urumqi station is one degree higher than that in the southern slope of the Kuerl station. It begins the summer in June and May in the northern slope of the Urumqi station and in May in the southern slope of the Kuerl station. The temperature of beginning summer in NorthSouth slope of the Tianshan M ountains is relatively close. In addition,a statistical analysis shows that annual maximum temperatures decrease with increasing elevation and that variation of annual minimum temperatures is different in the southern and northern slopes of Tianshan M ountains. Annual temperature range decreases with increasing elevation in the southern and northern slopes of Tianshan M ountains. The inversion in the northern slope is significantly higher than that in the southern slope in January. The linear trend of air temperature difference between Xiaoquzi and Caijiahu in the northern slope is- 0. 208℃ ·( 10a)- 1. But the linear trend of air temperature difference between Baluntai and Hejing in southern slope is 0. 236℃ ·( 10a)- 1.

关 键 词：气温变化 极值温度 天山南北坡 

分 类 号：P423.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]