1900年前后中国特大旱灾的旱情及其形成的自然因素  

Characteristics and Formative Natural Factors of Extreme Drought in China Around 1900

作　　者：董安祥[1] 李耀辉[1] 张宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州730020

出　　处：《高原气象》2015年第3期771-776,共6页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(201006023);西北半干旱区重大干旱事件的成因与机理及其预测技术研究(1209);国家自然科学基金项目(41175081);干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM200804)

摘　　要：为了深入认识近代特大干旱事件的成因,利用中国1900年前后旱涝等级资料、近500年旱涝分布图集和西北地区近500年旱涝分布图集资料等,分析了1900年前后中国特大旱灾的旱情及其形成的自然因素。结果表明:(1)1900年前后的特大旱灾出现在100年来年代际变暖期,以北方干旱最严重,且多灾并发。(2)1900年前后是年代际夏季风最弱的时期,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏南和西伯利亚高压年代际增强期是特大旱灾发生的直接原因。(3)强厄尔尼诺事件与太阳黑子相对数的低值期,也是1900年前后特大旱灾发生的重要原因。To study the characteristics and formative natural factors of extreme drought in China around 1900,the formation mechanisms of extreme drought were studied,which for understanding the causes of serious drought event in modern times. Based on the grade distribution of drought and flood data around 1900,the distribution of drought and flood atlas in recent 500 years of northwest China and other observation data were analyzed. It was showed that:( 1) M ajor drought disaster around 1900,which appeared in 100 years the decadal warming period,with multi-disasters and exception severity,especially in north part of China.( 2) This year is the age border summer monsoon weakest time. The position is southerly of the west Pacific subtropical high and Siberia high pressure decadal enhance could be the direct reason of extreme drought.( 3) In addition,the strong El Nino event and the relative number of sunspots in the lowvalue period could be the main reasons inducing to this extreme drought event in China around 1900.

关 键 词：1900年前后 特大旱灾 自然因素 夏季风 厄尔尼诺 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]