花岗岩和片麻岩发育土壤性状的水平地带性分异  

Horizontal Distinction of Granite and Gneiss Derived Soils

作　　者：卢胜[1] 张志毅[1] 黄丽[1] 王贻俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第2期272-279,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:41271252);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(批准号:2013PY002)资助

摘　　要：依据土壤地带性分布规律,由南到北采集了海南、湖北、山东省由花岗岩和片麻岩发育的砖红壤、红壤、黄棕壤和棕壤。分析土壤的全N、有机质、p H、阳离子交换量,以及不同形态铁铝氧化物和一些典型痕量金属元素(Co、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb)的含量,分析土壤性质的空间变异特性。结果表明:随着层次的增加,土壤有机碳、全N含量逐渐减少,并且纬度越高降低幅度越大;随着纬度和土壤层次的增加,土壤砂粒含量逐渐增加,土壤颜色逐渐变浅。游离态氧化铁含量随着土壤层次的增加逐渐增加;络合态氧化铁含量随着土壤层次的增加逐渐减少,且纬度越高降低幅度越大;随着纬度的增加不同形态氧化铝含量呈急剧减少的趋势。根据中国土壤系统分类对这些土壤进行分类,结果表明由同一气候带发育的土壤可分属不同的土纲,不同气候带发育的土壤分属不同土壤亚类,不同气候带土壤性质的差异远大于同一气候带土壤性质差异,气候带的不同是土壤性质差异的重要影响因素。对土壤痕量重金属元素含量分析发现,片麻岩发育的土壤均大于花岗岩发育的,耕地的均大于林地的,且不同金属元素受人类活动的影响程度不同。According to distributing characteristics of horizontal soil zonality, we collected the granite and gneiss derived soils from the south to north of China, including the red soils in Hainan, yellow brown soils in Hubei and brown soils in Shandong. We analyzed the soil total N and organic matter contents, p H values, cation exchange capacity, as well as different forms of iron aluminum oxide and some trace metals(Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb), and investigated their spatial distributing characteristics. Results showed that soil organic matter and total N contents gradually decreased with the increasing soil depth, and such reduction trends exaggerated at higher latitudes. With the increases of latitude and soil depths, soil sand contents increased and the soil colors became lighter gradually. Free iron oxide contents gradually increased with the increasing soil depth. The complex iron oxide contents gradually declined with the increasing soil depth, and higher latitude leaded to greater variation. With the increase of latitude,different forms of alumina contents reduced sharply. According to the Chinese soil system classification, the results showed that the soils of the same climatic zone were affiliated to different soil orders. Soils in different climatic zones belonged to different subgroups, and the soil property differences of different climatic zones were larger than the same climate zone. Therefore, the climatic zonation was one of the most important factors affecting soil properties. Analysis of trace heavy metal contents in soils showed that gneiss derived soils were more developed than the granite ones, and cultivated land was more developed than the forest. And human activities had different effects on various metal elements.

关 键 词：水平地带性 土壤 性质差异 花岗岩 片麻岩 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]