施氮量对水稻氮素吸收、利用及损失的影响  

The Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Uptake, Utilization and Losses of Nitrogen for Rice

作　　者：李艳[1] 唐良梁 陈义[1] 吴春艳[1] 唐旭[1] 计小江[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州310021 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第2期392-397,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003014-02-08);院协同创新项目(2014CX013)资助

摘　　要：以嘉兴地区水稻为研究对象,研究了不同施氮水平对水稻氮素吸收、利用及损失的影响。结果表明:水稻籽粒产量及吸氮量均随施氮量的增加而增加,与施氮量的关系均符合一元二次方程;施氮量为213.6 kg hm-2所对应的氮肥利用率最高,氮肥农学利用率则随施氮量的增加而下降;水稻的表观氮损失量、氮损失比例随施氮量的增加呈线性增长趋势,水稻氮损失量占氮总输入量的14%~52%,其中氨挥发损失的氮占氮总输入量的4%~12%;稻田氨挥发总量随施氮量的增加而增加,氨挥发量在施氮量为393.6 kg hm-2时发生明显跃增;增施有机肥有利于提高水稻籽粒的产量和植株吸氮量,并提高氮肥利用率及氮肥农学利用效率,但同时也增加了氮损失总量(包括氨挥发量)。从经济与环境双赢的角度出发,嘉兴的适宜施氮量为213.6 kg hm-2,且施氮量不宜超过303.6 kg hm-2。The effects of nitrogen(N) application rates on the uptake, utilization and losses of N for rice in Jiaxing were investigated. The results showed that the yields of rice grain and N uptake rose with the increasing N application rates, and they were in a quadratic relation with N application rates. The N use efficiency with 213.6 kg N hm-2was largest, and the N agronomic efficiency declined with the increasing N application. The apparent N losses and the percentages of N losses were positively linearly correlated with N application rates. Moreover, the total percentages of N losses were 14% ~ 52%, and the percentages of N losses by ammonia volatilization, an important way for N losses,were 4% ~ 12%. The amounts of ammonia volatilization were positively linearly correlated with N application rates,and it was significantly increased with N application of 393.6 kg hm-2. Further, the application of organic fertilizer could improve the rice grain yield and N uptake and increased the N use efficiency and N agronomic efficiency, but increased the N losses(including ammonia volatilization). The economic and ecological satisfactory amount of N application was 213.6 kg hm-2. Moreover, the N application rate should be less than 303.6 kg hm-2.

关 键 词：施氮量 籽粒产量 氮素利用率 氮表观损失量 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]