西双版纳长期橡胶种植对土壤固碳和氮的影响研究  

Impacts of Long-term Rubber Plantation on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Sequestration in Xishuangbanna

作　　者：孙燕瓷[1,2] 马友鑫[1] 曹坤芳[3] 李红梅[1] 何建芬 刘昌平 刘洪平 李斌 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园重点实验室,云南勐仑666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]广西大学林学院,亚热带农业资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广西南宁530004 [4]西双版纳州曼沙农场管理委员会,云南景洪666100 [5]景洪市景洪农场管理委员会农林水综合服务中心,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第2期412-419,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050206)资助

摘　　要：为加强西双版纳地区环境友好胶园的建设,以不同林龄的橡胶林为研究对象,分析橡胶林生长过程中土壤碳氮含量与储量的变化。结果表明:在34年的橡胶种植过程中土壤碳、氮含量与储量均有不同程度的降低,碳分别减少3.33 g kg-1和21.23 t hm-2,氮分别减少0.20 g kg-1和1.3 t hm-2;土壤碳的消耗主要发生在橡胶林种植早期(≤9年林龄),橡胶种植9年以后土壤固碳量逐渐增加,并在21年林龄后达到相对稳定的状态;相比而言,土壤氮含量的降低持续时间较长(3~21年林龄),土壤容重轻微的变化即可对土壤氮储量产生影响,土壤氮储量随时间的变化没有明显的规律性;在1 m深土壤剖面上,土壤碳、氮的变化主要发生在30 cm以上的土层(每层按10 cm计);协方差分析表明,年干胶产量对土壤碳氮含量与储量没有显著影响,但在割胶初期(9年林龄)土壤碳氮含量均明显降低,割胶极有可能引起一些生理生态方面的变化,从而影响土壤的碳氮含量与储量。In order to enhance the development of sustainable rubber plantation, this study investigated the dynamics of soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations in the rubber plantation with different stand ages in Xishuangbanna,Southwest China. The results showed that soil carbon and carbon storage, soil nitrogen contents and nitrogen storage decreased over 34 years of rubber plantation. Approximately 3.33 g kg-1and 21.23 t hm-2carbon, 0.20 g kg-1and1.3 t hm-2nitrogen were depleted, respectively. The depletion of soil carbon continued at the early stage of rubber planting till the stand age of 9 years, thereafter, soil carbon gradually increased and reached a relatively stable state in stands older than 21 years. Compare to soil carbon, soil nitrogen contents continuously reduced for a longer time(3 ~21-year stand). Soil nitrogen storage was sensitive to soilbuk density(BD), and its temporal change was irregular. As for the top 1m soil profile, changes of soil carbon and nitrogen mainly occurred in the top 30 cm soil while soil depths were evenly divided by every 10 cm. Covariance analysis showed that annual dry rubber yield had no significant effect on soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations. However, soil carbon and nitrogen contents decreased obviously at the beginning of rubber tapping(9-year), indicating that rubber tapping might cause some physiological and ecological changes which in turn affect soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration in rubber plantation.

关 键 词：橡胶种植 土壤碳氮 割胶 西双版纳 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]