冬小麦田间控水对土壤CH_4和N_2O排放的影响  

Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Winter Wheat Fields as Affected by Different Drainage Measure

作　　者：杨小兵[1,2] 江波[1,2] 殷寒旭 康童茜 高琳[1,2] 范东福 陈晓龙[1,2] 汪海鸥[1,2] 马友华[1,2] 杨书运[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]农业部合肥农业环境科学观测实验站,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第2期471-476,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：2011年公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201103039)资助

摘　　要：2012~2013年,在安徽农业大学巢湖农业实验站,利用小区实验研究了不同田间控水措施对冬小麦土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响。实验设置了空白对照(CK)、常规耕作(CG)、浅沟控水(CQ)、深沟控水(CS)4种处理。结果表明:(1)冬小麦生育期内,农田排干控水可显著改变土壤的CH4和N2O排放特征,不同控水处理之间CH4排放差异显著(P【0.05),N2O排放差异极显著(P【0.01);(2)CQ、CS处理的CH4吸收能力分别比CK高1.6%、20.9%,排干控水提高了土壤CH4的吸收能力;(3)CQ和CS的N2O排放量分别比CK增加了61.0%和70.6%,排干控水提高土壤N2O的排放量;(4)地表温度和5 cm土温是影响CH4和N2O通量变化的关键因素,各处理CH4吸收通量和N2O排放通量与地表温度呈显著正相关关系(P【0.05),提高温度有助于提高CH4吸量,但也增加了N2O排放;(5)与CK相比,CG、CQ、CS都实现了增产,但CG、CS排放温室气体的GWP显著高于CK,而CQ则与CK基本相当,CQ在确保增产的情况下实现了温室气体减排,是适用于该地区的冬小麦农田温室气体减排措施。A plot experiment was carried out to study the effect of drainage measures on CH4 and N2O emissions from winter wheat fields in Chaohu experimental station, Anhui Agricultural University in 2012 ~ 2013. The results were as follows.(1) Significant difference(P < 0.05) of CH4 emission and highly significant difference(P < 0.01) of N2 O emission were observed between different drainage measures.(2) During the whole growth stage of winter wheat, CH4 and N2O emissions from winter wheat fields changed remarkably seasonally and were greatly influenced by the difference drainage measures. CS treatments had a stronger CH4 absorption ability compared with others, increasing by33% compared with CK and the N2 O emissions of CQ and CS treatments were significantly increased by 90.8% and104% compared with CK treatments.(3) Considering integratedly the total global warming potential(GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions in wheat-growing season, among all treatments, CS treatment had increased the uptake of CH4 and the emission of N2 O and CQ treatment also increased the emission of N2 O but had not tremendous influence on CH4. The GWP of CQ treatment was decreased by 9% and 24% while the production was not decreased; thus, it was an effective strategy for mitigation of CH4 and N2O greenhouse effect of non-rice growth season.

关 键 词：甲烷 氧化亚氮 田间控水 综合温室效应 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]