农田土壤铜污染评价和油菜铜积累特征研究  

Evaluation on Copper Pollution Status of Soil and Copper Accumulation Features of Rapes in Farmland

作　　者：邹佳佳[1] 孟梅[1] 张云[1] 朱端卫[1] 华玉妹[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第3期621-627,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：湖北省公益性科技研究项目(2012DCA24001)资助

摘　　要：以湖北省大冶市农田土壤和油菜为研究对象,调查了10个区域40个农田土壤样品的Cu污染状况,采用单项污染指数法对土样的Cu污染现状进行评价;采用改进BCR法分析了其中种植油菜的22土样Cu的赋存形态,并对油菜各部位Cu含量进行了测定,结合富集系数和转运系数,分析了Cu在土壤-油菜系统中的迁移累积规律。结果表明,以湖北省土壤背景值评价,土壤受到不同程度的Cu污染,重污染所占比例最高;以国家土壤环境质量二级标准(GB15618-1995)评价,污染等级以轻污染为主,且有25%的土壤未污染;污染最严重的3个区域是铜绿山、大箕铺和龙角山。油菜土壤中Cu的形态分布规律为残渣态>可还原态>可氧化态>酸溶态,酸溶态占全量的比例与p H有显著的负相关关系,相关系数r=-0.471(n=22)。油菜各部位Cu含量分布呈现根>壳>籽>茎的规律,Cu主要累积在油菜根部,土壤-籽富集系数均值仅为0.11;9个油菜样籽粒的Cu含量超过了食品安全限值,籽粒的Cu含量与土壤酸溶态Cu含量之间的相关性最强。The copper pollution investigation and assessment using single pollution index method were carried out with40 farmland soil samples from 10 districts of Daye, Hubei Province. The copper forms of 22 rape samples were determined by modified BCR method, and the copper contents in different part of rapes were analyzed as well. The mobility and accumulation of copper in soil-rape system were discussed by combining bioconcentration factor and transportation factor. Evaluating with the soil background value of Hubei Province, the copper in the soils showed various levels of pollution, among which the proportion of heavy pollution level was the largest. Evaluating with National Soil Environmental Quality Secondary Standard(GB15618-1995), copper in the soils mainly illustrated low pollution level, meanwhile, 25% of soils were unpolluted. The most seriously polluted areas were Tonglvshan, Dajipu and Longjiaoshan. The contents of copper forms in the soils planted with rapes were in the order of residual form >reducible form > oxidizable form > acid-soluble form. There was significant negative correlation between the proportion of acid-soluble form and p H, with the correlation coefficient R =-0.471(n = 22). The copper contents in the root of rapes were the greatest, followed by that in the hull, seed and stem. Copper was mainly accumulated in the root, with average bioconcentration factor of soil-seed of 0.11. Copper contents in the rape seed of 9 samples exceeded the food safety limit. There was the strongest correlative relationship between the copper content in seed and the acid-soluble form of copper in soil.

关 键 词：土壤 油菜 单项污染指数 CU 分级 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X56