中国农业结构类型与发展模式探讨  

Agricultural Structure Type and Development Mode in China

作　　者：沈亨理[1] 李淮滨[1] 钟文田[1] 苗微[1] 唐亮[1] 陈温福[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2015年第3期257-269,共13页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

摘　　要：从生态经济学视角,深入分析由自然资源、人力资源和资本等生产要素所构成的世界不同农业结构类型,从中选择与我国农业结构类型相近的国家作为标尺进行比较,阐明资源相对匮乏国家只能走内涵延伸扩大再生产道路,以提高土地生产率为核心目标,运用科技与管理手段加速结构与功能的变换,推进现代农业的发展。改革开放以来,我国农业GDP增长显著超过发达经济体,部分省份已接近或实现现代农业。特别是加入WTO后,我国农产品国际影响力大幅提升,并凸显出技术与劳动密集型产业领域的比较优势。因此,我国在不断提高单位农地产出量、稳定粮食生产的基础上,充分发挥不同地域的自然禀赋加速优势区域布局,依靠创新驱动加速专业生产格局形成,在依赖工业化、城镇化吸纳农村富余劳动力的同时,适度保持农业劳动力充裕优势,拓宽农业效益型发展道路,不失为实现具有中国特色的新型农业现代化的正确选择。From the view of ecological economics, reviewed the types of agricultural structure in the world according to the essential productive factors, including natural resources, human resources and industrial capital. The countries with the structure similar to China were chosen as standards for the analysis. For the countries with limited natural resources, internal expanding reproduction, increasing the productive rate of the arable field, accelerating changes of structure and function through science and technology and management are the effective measurements to develop agricultural industry. After reforming the economic system and opening to the world, the enhancement of agricultural GDP in China has exceeded that of developed counties. The agriculture of several provinces in China has realized modernization. Especially, after joining WTO, China has dramatically increased the impacts on world market of agricultural products, with the comparative advantages of technology and labor intensive industry. Thus, on the basis of increasing the productive ability of the field and stabilizing the food production, taking full advantage of natural resources to program regional design, accelerating professional production, keeping abundance of agricultural labor, extending pathways to improve benefits of agricultural industry, will be the right choices to realize the new type of agricultural modernization in China.

关 键 词：农业结构类型 农业GDP 农业比较优势 农业现代化 

分 类 号：F321[经济管理—产业经济]