蒙古蒲公英的开花动态与繁育系统研究  

Floral Dynamic and Breeding System in Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz

作　　者：邢艳萍[1,2] 宁伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁中医药大学药学院,辽宁大连116600 [2]沈阳农业大学园艺学院/农业部东北野菜种质异位保存圃与鉴定中心,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2015年第3期348-351,共4页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家农业部野生植物资源保护资助项目[农计发(2010)29号];国家科技部公益性行业科研专项项目(201407002)

摘　　要：研究蒙古蒲公英生殖特性可为其野生抚育与人工培育提供理论基础。通过野外观测、显微观察和套袋试验,计算杂交指数和花粉-胚珠比,对蒙古蒲公英开花动态及繁育系统进行研究。结果表明:蒙古蒲公英单花开放过程中花柱逐渐生长至柱头开裂呈羊角状,花药在靠近柱头一侧开裂,花粉在花柱生长过程中被带出花药;群体花期一般为19d,每年5月上旬开始到下旬结束,花期重叠,其花粉和柱头活力在9:00~10:00活力最强;异交指数(OCI)=5、花粉胚珠比(P/O)=2460,为异花授粉且需传粉者,套袋试验中异花授粉与自然对照结实率接近,分别为97.8%和95.7%,去雄去柱头后套袋结实率为50.8%;风对其远距离传粉作用不明显。蒙古蒲公英有异花授粉特征,且需昆虫传粉,并具无融合生殖倾向。The research on the biological characteristics of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. was aim to provide the basic theories for its wildlife tending and artificial cultivation. The observation of floral dynamic, and the test of breeding system of T.mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. by the filed investigation, out crossingindex(OCI), pollen-ovule ratio(P/O), bagging test were conducted.In the process of the open, the single flower style graws gradually to the stigma becoming claw shape. However, anther remains the same and near stigma side craze. The pollen were taken out by the style.The following period of T. mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.is about 19 days during early and late may. The pollen and stigma are active at 9:00-10:00. The OCI=5 and P/O=2460 show crosspollination and nsect pollination. The bagged and the untreated plants have the analogous seed setting rate of 97.8% and 95.7%,respectively. The castration seed setting rate is 50.8%. The wind has little effect on its pollination. T. mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.was the character of cross-pollination and insect-pollination and can reproduce by apomixis.

关 键 词：蒙古蒲公英 开花动态 繁育系统 杂交指数(OCI) 花粉胚珠(P/O) 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]