小飞蓬水浸提液对杂草萌发和生长的抑制效果  

Effects of aqueous extractions of Conyza canadensis on germination and seedling growth of four weeds

作　　者：高兴祥[1,2] 李美[1,2] 房锋[1,2] 李健[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,山东济南250100 [2]山东省植物病毒学重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《草业科学》2015年第1期48-53,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家863计划资助项目(2011AA10A206)

摘　　要：在室内以滤纸为载体用离体生测方法测定了外来植物小飞蓬(Conyza canadensis)不同部位根、茎、叶、花及全株水浸提液对夏季杂草马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti)和反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,小飞蓬花、叶和茎水浸提液对供试受体马唐等4种杂草种子的萌发和幼苗生长均有较强的抑制作用,但根和全株对受体的影响较小,100 g·L-1浓度下,小飞蓬花、叶、茎、根和全株对受体的综合抑制效应分别为87.64%、80.65%、72.19%、48.24%和64.08%。受体杂草中反枝苋敏感性最高,其次是苘麻和马唐,稗草的敏感性最低,100 g·L-1小飞蓬叶片水浸提液对马唐和反枝苋的萌发抑制率为100.00%,对苘麻则为75.00%,但对稗草的抑制率仅为16.67%。试验结果表明,对夏季杂草萌发和生长影响最大的是小飞蓬花、叶和茎水浸提液。Effects of aqueous extract from different parts of Conyza canadensis on weeds Digitaria sanguinalis,Echinochloa crusgalli,Abutilon theophrasti and Amaranthus retroflexus were tested in Petri dishes.The results showed that aqueous extract from root,stem,leaf,flower and whole plant had inhibated effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of the 4 tested weeds.The aqueous extract from flower,leaf and stem,especially flower had higher inhibiting on the seed germination and seedling growth of all tested weeds than the extract from root and whole plant.At 100 g · L-1concentration,the synthetic effect(SE) of the aqueous extract from C.canadensis flower,leaf,stem,root and whole plant were 87.64%,80.65%,72.19%,48.24% and 64.08%,respectively.At 100 g·L-1concentration,the inhibition of the aqueous extract from C.canadensis leaf on D.sanguinalis,A.retroflexus,A.theophrast and E.crusgalli germination were 100.00%,100.00%,75.00% and 16.67%,respectively,which suggested that A.retroflexus,A.theophrast and D.sanguinalis were more sensitive to the extract than E.crusgalli.These results showed the aboveground parts of C.canadensis had strong inhibition effects on weeds.

关 键 词：小飞蓬 抑制效果 花 叶 茎 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]