啮齿动物应对植物次生代谢物的行为策略  

The behavior strategy of herbivorous rodents against plant secondary metabolites

作　　者：冶娜娜 张灵菲[1] 卫万荣[1] 王菊霞[1] 张小刚[1] 麻安卫 江小雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2015年第2期281-286,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203041)

摘　　要：植物次生代谢物与草食动物的相互关系研究是当今动物生态学研究的热点之一。本文着重阐述食草性啮齿动物对植物次生代谢物所采取的回避、膳食调控和食物混合等行为策略。回避行为是啮齿动物通过条件反射性学习(由食入植物次生代谢物后的不适感而引起的条件反射性拒食)和摄食前食物的加工而避免或减少植物次生代谢物对其的伤害作用;膳食调控通过单次采食量的调整而避免一次性采食过多次生代谢物而导致生理中毒,从而使啮齿动物能在复杂多样化的环境中生存,膳食调控包括单次进食量调控和两餐之间的间隔控制两方面的内容;食物混合意味着摄入植物化学物质的多样化,而化学物质的多样化有可能导致不同毒素的中和或毒性的降低,进而减轻动物对植物次生代谢物的敏感性。The relationship between plant secondary metabolites(PSMs)and herbivores is one of the focuses of animal ecology.In this paper,we present three behavioral strategies(avoidance,diet regulation and dietary mixing)used by herbivorous rodents to avoid the negative effects produced by plant secondary metabolites.Avoidance behavior means conditioned learning(animals learn to avoid PSMs on the basis of negative post-ingestive effects)and food processing before ingestion to avoid the negative effects produced by plant secondary metabolites.Diet regulation focuses mainly on food intake(an herbivore presented with variable PSMs concentrations in its diet should maintain its PSMs dose below its critical threshold by adjusting food intake)and inter-meal interval,with which rodents can survival in heterogeneous environment.Dietary mixing leads to greater diversity of ingested phytochemicals that may also lead to mutual toxin neutralization or inactivation,which in turn could reduce susceptibility to plant secondary metabolites.

关 键 词：回避 膳食调控 食物混合 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]