混播种类与混播比例对豆禾混播草地浅层土壤养分的影响  

Effects of mixed species,mixed ratios of legume to grass on soil nutrients in surface soils of legume-grass mixture pasture

作　　者：郑伟[1,2] 加娜尔古丽[1] 唐高溶[1] 朱进忠[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2015年第3期329-339,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(201003023);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项--应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题(XDA05050405);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划重点项目(XJEDU2012I19);新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目(201191224);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD45B03)

摘　　要：以3种豆科牧草与3种禾本科牧草在混播种类为3、4、5、6与豆禾比5∶5、4∶6和3∶7条件下建立混播草地。依据2008-2010年各混播处理的土壤浅层有机质、氮、磷、钾养分含量,分析了混播种类与豆禾混播比例对土壤养分分布与积累规律的影响。结果表明,豆禾牧草混播后,土壤碱解氮较单播禾草增加,土壤有效磷则较所有单播草地都增加。随着豆科牧草比例的减少,土壤有机质、碱解氮、全磷和有效磷含量呈减少趋势。混播种类较少时土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、全钾含量较高,而土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量较低;混播种类较多时土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量较高,而土壤有机质、全磷、有效磷、全钾含量较低。双因素方差分析结果表明,混播种类及混播种类与混播比例的交互效应是影响土壤养分差异的主导因素,而混播比例仅对土壤全磷、全钾含量造成了显著影响(P<0.05)。因此,豆禾牧草混播有利于改善土壤速效氮、磷养分的供应,而增加豆科牧草的比例并没有显著增加土壤养分供给(P>0.05)。The legume-grass mixtures included three legumes( Onobrychis viciaefolia,Medicago sativa,Trifolium pretense) and three grasses( Dactylis glomerata,Bromus inermis,Phleum pretense).The mixed combinations were6,5,4,3 species mixture at three sowing ratios of legume∶ grass with 5∶ 5,4∶ 6,3∶ 7,respectively.The experiment was conducted in Zhaosu Basin of Xinjiang with the randomized complete block design.The soil organic matter,total nitrogen( N),alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,total phosphorus( P),available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium were measured for analyzing the influence of mixed species and ratios of legume and grass on soil nutrients distribution and accumulation.The results showed that soils with the legume-grass mixtures had higher soil alkaline hydrolysis N content than soils with grass monoculture.And soils with the legume-grass mixtures had higher soil available P content than soils with grass and legume monoculture.The soil organic matter,alkaline hydrolysis N,total P and available P content decreased with the mixed ratios of legume and grass decreasing.The soil organic matter,total N,available P and total K content in soils with 3 and 4 species mixtures were higher than those in soils with 5 and 6 species mixtures whereas the soil alkaline hydrolysis N and available K content in soils with 3 and 4 species mixtures were lower than those in soils with 5 and 6 species mixtures.The two-way variance analysis indicated that the mixed species,interaction of mixed species and ratios of legume and grass were the main factors which influenced the variance of soil nutrients distribution and accumulation.The mixed ratios of legume and grass could significantly influence the variance of soil total P and K.Therefore,the legume-grass mixtures could improve the content of soil alkaline hydrolysis N and available P.The soil nutrients did not significantly increase with the increasing of legume ratios.

关 键 词：豆禾混播 混播种类 混播比例 土壤有机质 土壤N、P、K含量 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]