基于InVEST模型的小流域沉积物保留生态效益评估——以陕西省营盘山库区为例  

Ecological benefits evaluation of small watershed sediment retention based on the In VEST model

作　　者：胡胜[1] 曹明明[1] 张天琪[2] 邱海军[1] 刘琪[1] 刘闻[1] 李苒[1] 刘全全[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [2]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《资源科学》2015年第1期76-84,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41401602);国家林业公益性行业科研专项(编号:201304309);西北大学研究生自主创新项目(编号:YZZ13003;YZZ13006)

摘　　要：沉积物保留是保证生态系统健康运转所必需的基础功能之一。准确计算流域沉积物的保留量,开展水土保持效益评估,对于黄土高原水土保持、土地利用结构调整、退耕还林、生态补偿及水库管理等方面具有重要的实际应用价值。本文以陕西省黄河支流无定河源头营盘山库区为例,基于Arc GIS10平台,运用In VEST的沉积物保留模型,定量估算了2013年营盘山库区沉积物保留量及2013-2070年内沉积物保留价值,同时对不同土地利用类型的沉积物保留功能重要性进行了评价。结果表明:2013年营盘山库区的沉积物保留总量为493.43万t;2013-2070年流域的沉积物保留总价值达到1.29亿元;库区东西侧沉积物保留价值差别很大,这与流域内部地形地貌、土地利用方式、生态系统类型、植被覆盖情况、土壤理化性质、气候等因子密切相关,前4个因子起主导作用;不同土地利用类型的沉积物保留功能重要性依次为稀疏草地>稀疏灌木林>旱地>落叶阔叶林>水域>居民地>裸地。Sediment retention is one of the indispensable basic functions of ecosystems. Accurate calculation of watershed sediment and assessment of sediment conservation benefits have practical value for the Loess Plateau region in China because of soil conservation,land-use structural adjustment,the Green for Grain Project,ecological compensation and reservoir management. The universal soil loss equation(USLE)considering rainfall,soil properties,topography,vegetation cover and management factors is currently the most widely used soil erosion model and can estimate potential soil loss,actual soil erosion and the amount of sediment retained. However,the USLE equation overlooks sediment dynamics and cannot accurately calculate the quantity of soil conservation. Here,we use the In VEST Sediment Retention Model and data for Yingpanshan reservoir,the source of the Wuding River and a tributary of the Yellow River,as a case study for ecological benefit evaluation. Based on Arc GIS10,the sediment retention model-In VEST was used to calculate the amount of sediment retention and retention value in this region over the next few decades. In addition,according to the remaining sediment amount we compared the sediment retention function of different land use types. Our results indicate that the sediment amount in this region was 493. 43 million t in 2013 and the total value of sediment during 2013-2070 will be up to0.129 billion CNY. The sediment retention value of the west side of the reservoir is higher than the east,which is subject to several factors like topography,land-use patterns,ecosystem type,vegetation cover,and physical and chemical properties of soil and climate. The sediment retention function of different land-use types,from most to least important is:sparse grass > sparse shrubbery > dry land > deciduous broad-leaved forest > waters > settlement land > bare land.

关 键 词：生态系统服务功能 土壤保持效益 In VEST模型 黄土高原 营盘山库区 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]