耕地质量评价研究进展及发展趋势  

Advances and prospects of evaluating cultivated land quality

作　　者：付国珍[1,2] 摆万奇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2015年第2期226-236,共11页Resources Science

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(编号:XDB03030500);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41371120);国家科技支撑计划项目(编号:2013BAC04B01)

摘　　要：当前我国耕地面临粮食保障与耕地严重撂荒、耕地保护与普遍"占优补劣"、农产品安全与土壤环境污染等诸多现实矛盾,针对新问题的耕地质量评价工作亟待开展。本文在梳理现有耕地质量评价研究的基础上,探讨了耕地质量的内涵及概念;总结了针对农业生产能力、耕地潜力、土地适宜性、土壤及环境质量、可持续利用、分等定级等的耕地质量评价方法;综述了已有研究在国家、区域、地块三个尺度的进展;提出了耕地质量评价重点转移、结合农户视角的综合评价、时空变化监测网络构建以及基于地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)的标准化评价四个发展方向,以期为耕地质量评价理论提升及实践应用提供新的思路。With increasing impacts from climate change and human activity,cultivated land is playing a prominent role in promoting food security and ecological protection. However,China's cultivated land faces various conflicts,such as inadequate food supply versus increased cultivated land abandonment,cultivated land protection versus compensating cultivated land loss using inferior land,and agricultural product safety versus soil pollution. Therefore,a new framework and methodology to evaluate cultivated land quality are urgently required. Here,we present concept evolution and connotation expansion of cultivated land quality in three phases from emphasizing fertility to comprehensively considering physical and socio- economic impacts. We summarize the advantages and disadvantages of main methods evaluating cultivated land quality based on agricultural productivity,productive potential,suitability,soil and environmental quality,sustainability,and gradation and classification on land. Advances in evaluating cultivated land quality that involve agricultural production assessment,cultivated land resource inventory,soil and environmental health surveys at national scales,comparison of background differences,analysis of spatial and temporal patterns,analysis of influencing mechanisms at regional scales,and cultivated land improvement,monitoring sensitive indices at the plot scale,are reviewed. Finally,aiming for connotation expansion of cultivated land quality,lack of dynamic evaluation and universal standards,four directions for China's cultivated land quality evaluation are proposed,which include new fields of evaluation,comprehensive evaluation combined with views of farmers,construction of network monitoring spatial and temporal dynamics,and standardized evaluation based on GIS and RS. This overview will be helpful to the theoretical and practical development of cultivated land quality evaluation.

关 键 词：耕地 质量评价 标准化 研究进展 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]