年际-年代际尺度中国气候区类型变化与影响因素研究  

Interannual-interdecadal changes in climate zones in China and controlling factors

作　　者：李育[1] 朱耿睿 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院干旱区水循环与水资源研究中心,兰州730000

出　　处：《资源科学》2015年第3期605-618,共14页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目":风成沉积环境与水循环对流域性千年尺度气候变化的响应--以石羊河流域为例"(编号:41371009)

摘　　要：气候类型作为一个地理学概念包含了综合性的气候信息,同时研究气候类型变化也是研究气候变化的重要方式。本文使用气候类型面积变化这一地理学指标来探讨中国1961-2010年年际和年代际气候变化特征,气候型的划分基于国际通用的柯本气候分类法,计算了东亚夏季风指数(EASMI)、南亚夏季风指数(SASMI)、夏季西风指数(SWI)、东亚冬季风指数(EAWMI)等指数,分析这些气候要素的强弱对各气候型面积变化的影响。研究结果显示:1中国大陆主要气候型为草原气候(Bs)、沙漠气候(Bw)、常湿温暖气候(Cf)、冬干温暖气候(Cw)、冬干冷温气候(Dw)和苔原气候(ET);2气候变化最为敏感的区域主要分布在天山以北地区,青藏高原西部,400mm等降水量线附近以及梅雨边缘区,年代际尺度的气候类型变化表现为整个中国出现变暖趋势,除南方地区外都出现变干趋势,年际尺度的各气候类型面积变化表现出明显的升温趋势,而未表现出明显的降水变化趋势;3东亚夏季风(EASM)主要影响沙漠气候(Bw)、常湿温暖气候(Cf)、夏干温暖气候(Cs),南亚夏季风(SASM)主要影响沙漠气候(Bw)、常湿冷温气候(Df)、夏干温暖气候(Cs),夏季西风(SW)主要影响苔原气候(ET)、常湿冷温气候(Df),东亚冬季风(EAWM)主要影响冬干冷温气候(Dw)、草原气候(Bs)、热带疏林草原气候(Aw)、夏干温暖气候(Cs),而其中对中国大陆气候影响区域最广,影响程度最明显的是东亚冬季风。As a geographic concept,climate zones contain comprehensive climate information.Research into changes in climate zones is an important way to study climate change. Here,as a geographic indicator areas of climate zones are used to explore China interannual- interdecadal climate variation from 1961 to 2010. Climatic zones were based on Kppen climate classification.China monthly surface air temperature and surface precipitation 0. 5 ° x 0. 5 ° gridded dataset were used to classify climate zones. East Asia summer monsoon index(EASMI),South Asia summer monsoon index(SASMI),summer westerly index(SWI)and East Asia winter monsoon index(EAWMI)were used to analyze the impacts of climate change. Wind field data and pressure field data was used to calculate wind indices. According to the results,major climatic zones in China include steppe climate(Bs),desert climate(Bw),warm temperate climate with dry winter(Cw),warm temperate climate,fully humid(Cf),snow temperate climate with dry winter(Dw)and tundra climate(ET). The northern Tianshan Mountains,western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and both sides of the 400 mm precipitation line and edge of the Meiyu Area were most sensitive to climate change. Interdecadal changes in climate zones show that China has been warming,and the whole China except southern part of it has been drier. Interannual changes in climate zones show that China has been warming,but not show it has been drier or wetter. East Asia summer monsoon(EASM)has an impact on desert climate(Bw),warm temperate climate without dry season(Cf)and warm temperate climate with dry summer(Cs). South Asia summer monsoon(SASM)has an impact on desert climate(Bw),snow temperate climate without dry season(Df)and warm temperate climate with dry summer(Cs). Summer westerly(SW)has an impact on tundra climate(ET)and warm temperate climate without dry season(Df). East Asia winter monsoon(EAWM)has an impact on snow temperate climate with dry winter(Dw),steppe climate(Bs),savannah climate(Aw)and warm temperate climate with dry summer(Cs). The

关 键 词：气候类型 年际-年代际 气候变化 季风 柯本气候分类 

分 类 号：P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]