海河流域不同等级降水时空变化特征及其影响  

Spatial-temporal variation in precipitation for different categories and impacts in the Haihe River Basin

作　　者：王璐璐[1] 延军平[1] 王鹏涛[1] 刘永林[1] 曹永旺[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710119

出　　处：《资源科学》2015年第4期690-699,共10页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171090);国家社会科学基金重点项目(14AZD094)

摘　　要：利用1961-2012年海河流域35个气象台站的逐日降水资料,采用连续复小波(Morlet)、正交函数分解法(EOF)、线性回归分析法、滑动t检验及空间差值法等,研究不同等级降水的时空变化特征及其影响。研究结果表明:(1)海河流域年降水量存在5a、15a、25a左右的周期变化;降水变化场表现出全区一致多雨或少雨、南-北向降水分布相反、东南-西北向降水分布相反的空间分布特征;(2)海河流域夏季对年降水量、年降水日数和年平均降水强度的贡献最大,各时间尺度降水日数均以小雨为主,各级别降水强度也均呈夏、秋、春、冬季依次递减。其中,年暴雨量和暴雨强度、夏季暴雨量和暴雨日数均呈明显减小趋势,夏季大雨量和大雨日数也有明显减少趋势;(3)永定河系对全流域降水量和降水强度的贡献最小,各子流域降水日数也均以小雨为主。其中,永定、子牙、大清河系的暴雨量和永定、大清、北三河系的暴雨强度均呈明显减少趋势,北三河系的大雨量和大雨日数减少趋势明显,子牙河系的中雨量、中雨日数和中雨强度均呈明显减少趋势;(4)海河流域降水的时空变化会引起地表径流减少和地下水位下降,导致海河流域水资源短缺现象恶化。Based on daily measured precipitation data for 35 stations in the Haihe River Basin from1961 to 2012,we used Morlet,EOF,Linear regression analysis,T-tests and spatial interpolation methods to analyze spatial-temporal variation in precipitation of different categories and impacts in the Haihe River Basin. We found that the time period of annual precipitation in the Haihe River Basin is about 5a,15 a and 25 a. We identified spatial distribution characteristics of wetter or drier,north to south direction-distribution instead, northwest to southeast-distribution instead.Precipitation,precipitation days and average precipitation intensity in summer made the biggest contribution to the Haihe River Basin,and precipitation days were given priority to light rain in five kinds of time scales. The obvious decreasing trend was annual rainstorm intensity,summer rainstorm intensity and heavy rain days in summer. The precipitation and average precipitation intensity in the Yongding River system made the smallest contribution to the whole Haihe River Basin,and precipitation days were given priority to light rain in seven sub basins. The obvious decreasing trend was rainstorm intensity of Yongding,Daqing,Beisan River system,and for heavy rain days the Beisan River system. Spatial-temporal variation in precipitation causes natural river runoff reduction and ground water levels to fall,further leading to increases in the area and number of ground water funnels and deteriorating water shortages in the Haihe River Basin.

关 键 词：时空变化 降水日数 降水强度 暴雨 海河流域 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]