二十八种药物对亚洲璃眼蜱杀灭效果的观察  

Efficiency of 28 drugs against Hyalomma asiaticum

作　　者：卢海燕[1,2] 关贵全[2] 任巧云[2] 陈泽[2] 罗金[2] 赵海龙[1] 孟庆玲[1] 罗建勋[2] 殷宏[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所家畜疫病病原生物学国家重点实验室甘肃省动物寄生虫病重点实验室,甘肃兰州730046 [3]江苏省动物重要疫病与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国兽医科学》2015年第3期325-330,共6页Chinese Veterinary Science

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD12B03);农业科技创新工程项目(ASTIP);国家农业公益性行业科研专项(201303035)

摘　　要：为筛选高效、低毒、广谱的灭蜱药物,采用体外浸渍法,测定了28种药物在推荐浓度下对亚洲璃眼蜱饱血若蜱的杀伤效果,观察处理后3d内蜱的死亡率和40d内的蜕皮率。结果显示,28种药物中噻虫啉、毒死蜱、乙基多杀菌素、苦参碱、乙螨唑、高效氯氟氰菊酯、螺虫乙酯和灭幼脲对亚洲璃眼蜱饱血若蜱具有较好的杀伤效果,蜕皮率分别为0、0、24.33%、33.7%、36.06%、45.45%、51.49%和57.58%,而对照组——蒸馏水处理组和未处理组的蜕皮率分别为96.67%和100%。Duncan’s差异显著性比较结果表明,上述这8种药物处理组与对照组之间存在极显著差异,特别是毒死蜱和噻虫啉在用药后第3天蜱的死亡率分别达到96.33%和48.33%。此外,其他药物处理组蜱的蜕皮率均高于60%。通过本试验,筛选获得例如乙基多杀菌素、苦参碱、噻虫啉等低毒环保且对亚洲璃眼蜱有较高杀伤效果的药物,为研制防控蜱的复方新制剂奠定了基础。To screen high-efficient and low-toxic drugs for killing ticks,the efficiency of 28 drugs was evaluated against engorged nymphs of Hyalomma asiaticum using in vitroimmersion test.The recommended concentration of each drug was chose as working concentration.The mortality of ticks in 3days and ecdysis rate in 40 days post-treatment were recorded.The results showed that thiacloprid,chlorpyrifos,spinetoram,matrine,etoxazole,lambda-cyhalothrin,spirotetramat and chlorkenzuron had higher lethality to engorged nymphs of H.asiaticumthan other drugs.The ecdysis rates of ticks treated with 8drugs were 0,0,24.33%,33.7%,36.06%,45.45%,51.49% and 57.58%,respectively.But those of the control treated with distilled water or untreated were each up to 96.67% and 100%.There were significant different between the treatment groups of 8drugs and control groups based on the Duncan's significance comparison of difference,especially the mortalities of the groups treated with chlorpyrifos and thiacloprid on the 3rd day post-treatment,each to 96.33% and 48.33%.Besides,the ecdysis rates in the groups treated by other drugs were more than 60%.On the basis of these results,several kinds of low-toxic,green and efficient drugs against ticks were screened,such as spinetoram,matrine,and thiacloprid,which provides the foundation for developing new compound preparations against ticks in future.

关 键 词：亚洲璃眼蜱 灭蜱药物 体外浸渍 蜕皮率 死亡率 

分 类 号：S852.746[农业科学—基础兽医学]