苹果转CpTI基因株系花粉特性研究  

Characteristics of Pollen from Transgenic Lines of Apple Carrying Exogenous CpTI Gene

作　　者：师校欣[1] 周瑞金[1,2] 王倩倩[1] 常腾飞[1] 冯莎莎[1,3] 杜国强[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001 [2]河南科技学院园艺园林学院,河南新乡453003 [3]河北北方学院园艺系,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《园艺学报》2015年第1期1-9,共9页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(C2012204091;C2014204115)

摘　　要：转基因植物的花粉特性研究是进行遗传改良和转基因生态风险评价的一项基础工作。对7~8年生转Cp TI基因‘嘎拉’苹果花粉特性进行了研究,结果表明:转基因苹果花粉在大小、形态和表面纹饰等方面与对照花粉没有明显差别;转基因苹果花粉中畸形花粉多;供试的13个株系中12个株系的花药中花粉量显著低于对照,6个株系的花粉离体萌发率显著降低;测定了3个转基因株系的花粉生活力,其中2个株系显著低于对照。转基因‘嘎拉’苹果花粉人工授粉至普通‘富士’苹果柱头上能正常萌发,但中后期花粉管伸长较慢,花粉管到达胚珠的时间比对照延后约8 h。花器不同发育阶段内源激素测定表明,转基因株系各时期GA3含量均低于对照,而ABA含量在花蕾期低于对照,在气球期和平展期高于对照。对花药和花粉发育过程显微观察发现,转基因株系花药的结构及其发育正常,而花粉囊壁绒毡层的延迟分解影响了花粉发育可能是其花粉数量少、育性低的原因。It is one of the fundamental works for gene transformation and its ecosystem hazard evaluation to study the pollen characteristics of transgenic plants. In this research,some characteristics of pollen from seven- or eight-year-old transgenic plants of apple that carried exogenous Cp TI gene were analyzed. The results showed that no signi ficant difference was found in terms of size,morphology,and exine ornamentation of the pollen in the transgenic plants compared to those in the non-transgenic control. It was found that transgenic plants had more abnormal pollen grains. Of the thirteen transgenic lines tested,12 lines had significant lower amount of pollen,and six exhibited significantly lower germination rate when cultured in vitro. The pollen viability of three transgenic lines was determined,of which two was significantly lower than that of the control. The transgenic Gala apple pollen grains germinated normally via controlled pollination on Fuji apple stigma. But the pollen tubes extended relatively slow during the middle and late developing stages,and another eight hours was needed to reach the ovules compared to the control. The concentration of gibberellic acid of the flower from transgenic Gala apple was lower than that of the non-transgenic control during all development stages tested. The concentration of abscisic acid in transgenic ones was lower during the pink stage and higher during the ball stage and full open stage. Microscopic observation of the anther structure showed no difference. The tapetum of the pollen sac wall in transgenic plants decomposed late,and affected the pollen grain development,which could be one of the reasons leading to the less of the pollen grain and the poor viability in transgenic plants.

关 键 词：苹果 外源基因 花粉 育性 绒毡层 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]